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dc.contributor.advisorCadena Sanabria, Miguel Oswaldospa
dc.contributor.advisorOchoa Vera, Miguel Enriquespa
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez Rocha, Wiston Albertospa
dc.coverage.spatialFloridablanca (Santander, Colombia)spa
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-22T01:41:55Z
dc.date.available2020-08-22T01:41:55Z
dc.date.issued2020-06-08
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/7196
dc.description.abstractLa fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV) es la arrimia cardiaca más frecuente y su prevalencia aumenta proporcionalmente con la edad. Esta se relaciona con desenlances desfavorables como muerte, accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV) y discapacidad. Aproximadamente el 80% de los ACV se pueden prevenir con el tratamiento anticoagulante oral (ACO), beneficio que es condicionado por una adecuada adherencia terapéutica. No existen estudios en Colombia que determinen cuales son los factores asociados con la adherencia al tratamiento anticoagulante en adultos mayores de 65 años ni la prevalencia de fragilidad en esta población, necesidad que justifica la realización del presente estudio. Objetivo: Determinar cuales factores se encuentran relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento (ACO) de pacientes con FANV mayores de 65 años y determinar la prevalencia de fragilidad en la cohorte. Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal realizado en la clínica de anticoagulación de la clínica FOSCAL en pacientes con FANV mayores de 65 años. Se evaluó la adherencia terapéutica por la escala de Morisky 8 y la fragilidad por la escala FRAIL de manera telepresencial. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de fragilidad, luego se realizó un análisis bivariado para determinar cuáles variables independientes se relacionaron con una buena o mala adherencia. Se aceptó como significancia estadística un valor de p < 0.05. Resultados: Se recolectaron 102 pacientes (47% femenino y 53% masculino), con una promedio de edad de 76 años (mín 65 y máx 97 años). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron HTA, insuficiencia cardiaca, dislipidemia, ERC y DM. Se encontró que la adherencia fue baja en el 42,1%, moderada en el 23,5% y alta en el 34,3% de los casos. La razón principal que refirieron los pacientes fue el olvido en la toma de su medicamento (50%). Las variables asociadas con una baja adherencia fueron la inconformidad con el despacho del medicamento OR 2,97 (IC 95% 1.1 – 8.2 - p 0,02) y el despacho inoportuno OR 5.85 (IC 95% 1.5 – 32.8 - p 0,005). La toma de antiagregantes plaquetarios (p 0,04) y la presencia de polifarmacia (p 0,04) se asociaron con una moderada-alta adherencia. La prevalencia de fragilidad fue del 50,9% y no tuvo impacto en la adherencia terapéutica (p 0,95). Conclusiones: La adherencia al tratamiento anticoagulante oral en pacientes con FANV mayores de 65 años fue en su mayoría moderada a baja. Las variables asociadas con menor adherencia fueron las relacionadas con el sumunistro de medicamentos. La fragilidad es una condición frecuente en adultos mayores con FANV, sin embargo esta no se asoció con mayor o menor adherencia y por tanto no debería condicionar la prescripción de la terapia anticoagulante si está clínicamente indicada. Es importante incluir la evaluación sistemática de la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes mayores para identificar factores que puedan modificar el beneficio esperado. Se sugiere establecer procesos administrativos diferenciales en pacientes que reciben ACODs con el objetivo de evitar inconvenientes administrativos con las autorizaciones y despachos del medicamento.spa
dc.description.tableofcontentsPLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA Y JUSTIFICACIÓN 12 OBJETIVOS 14 GENERAL 14 ESPECÍFICOS 14 MARCO TEÓRICO 14 DEFINICIÓN E HISTORIA DE LA FIBRILACIÓN AURICULAR 14 EPIDEMIOLOGÍA 15 ETIOLOGÍA, PATOGENIA Y FACTORES DE RIESGO 15 DIAGNÓSTICO Y CLASIFICACIÓN 17 TRATAMIENTO ANTICOAGULANTE 19 ADHERENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO ANTICOAGULANTE 26 ESTADO DEL ARTE 31 HIPÓTESIS 33 METODOLOGÍA 33 DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO 33 LUGARES 33 POBLACIÓN 33 CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN 34 CRITERIOS DE EXCLUSIÓN 34 CÁLCULO DE TAMAÑO DE MUESTRA 34 MUESTREO 35 PLAN DE RECOLECCIÓN DE LA INFORMACIÓN 35 VARIABLES 36 CONTROL DE CALIDAD DE LOS DATOS 45 MONITOREO DE LOS DATOS 45 MANEJO DE LOS DATOS 45 PLAN DE ANÁLISIS DE DATOS 45 RESULTADOS E IMPACTOS ESPERADOS 46 DISPOSICIONES VIGENTES 48 IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DEL PROYECTO 48 CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS 48 CRONOGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES 50 PRESUPUESTO 50 RESULTADOS 51 ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO 52 ANÁLISIS BIVARIADO 61 DISCUSIÓN 70 CONCLUSIONES 77 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 78 ANEXOS 87spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/*
dc.subject.meshEmbolia pulmonarspa
dc.subject.meshCardiopatíasspa
dc.subject.meshGeriatríaspa
dc.titleFactores asociados con la adherencia al tratamiento anticoagulante oral de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular mayores de 65 añosspa
dc.title.translatedFactors associated with adherence to oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation over 65 years of ageeng
dc.degree.nameEspecialista en Medicina Internaspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABspa
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad Ciencias de la Saludspa
dc.publisher.programEspecialización en Medicina Internaspa
dc.description.degreelevelEspecializaciónspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.localTesisspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.subject.keywordsInternal medicineeng
dc.subject.keywordsMedicineeng
dc.subject.keywordsMedical scienceseng
dc.subject.keywordsHealth scienceseng
dc.subject.keywordsAtrial fibrillationeng
dc.subject.keywordsAnticoagulantseng
dc.subject.keywordsTherapeutic adherenceeng
dc.subject.keywordsFragilityeng
dc.subject.keywordsPulmonary embolismeng
dc.subject.keywordsHeart diseaseseng
dc.subject.keywordsGeriatricseng
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABspa
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
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dc.contributor.cvlachttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001339250*
dc.contributor.cvlachttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000898465*
dc.contributor.googlescholarhttps://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=8fdkkOoAAAAJ*
dc.contributor.googlescholarhttps://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=jQUx5WcAAAAJ*
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-3029*
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4552-3388*
dc.contributor.scopushttps://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56437735000*
dc.contributor.scopushttps://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=36987156500*
dc.contributor.researchgatehttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Miguel_Cadena-Sanabria*
dc.contributor.researchgatehttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Miguel_Ochoa7*
dc.subject.lembMedicina internaspa
dc.subject.lembMedicinaspa
dc.subject.lembCiencias médicasspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.cospa
dc.description.abstractenglishNonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia and its prevalence increases proportionally with age. This is related to unfavorable outcomes such as death, strokes (strokes) and disability. Approximately 80% of strokes can be prevented with oral anticoagulant treatment (ACO), a benefit that is conditioned by adequate therapeutic adherence. There are no studies in Colombia that determine which factors are associated with adherence to anticoagulant treatment in adults over 65 years of age, nor the prevalence of frailty in this population, a need that justifies the performance of this study. Objective: To determine which factors are related to the adherence to treatment (OAC) of patients with NVAF older than 65 years and to determine the prevalence of frailty in the cohort. Methods: Observational analytical cross-sectional study carried out in the anticoagulation clinic of the FOSCAL clinic in patients with NVAF older than 65 years. Therapeutic adherence was evaluated by the Morisky 8 scale and fragility by the FRAIL scale in a telepresence way. A descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic, clinical and frailty variables was performed, then a bivariate analysis was performed to determine which independent variables were related to good or bad adherence. A value of p <0.05 was accepted as statistical significance. Results: 102 patients were collected (47% female and 53% male), with an average age of 76 years (min 65 and max 97 years). The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension, heart failure, dyslipidemia, CKD, and DM. Adherence was found to be low in 42.1%, moderate in 23.5% and high in 34.3% of cases. The main reason reported by patients was forgetfulness in taking their medication (50%). The variables associated with low adherence were nonconformity with the dispensing of the drug OR 2.97 (95% CI 1.1 - 8.2 - p 0.02) and the inappropriate timing OR 5.85 (95% CI 1.5 - 32.8 - p 0.005). Taking antiplatelet agents (p 0.04) and the presence of polypharmacy (p 0.04) were associated with moderate-high adherence. The prevalence of frailty was 50.9% and had no impact on therapeutic adherence (p 0.95). Conclusions: Adherence to oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with NVAF older than 65 years was mostly moderate to low. The variables associated with less adherence were those related to the supply of medications. Frailty is a frequent condition in older adults with NVAF, however this was not associated with more or less adherence and therefore should not condition the prescription of anticoagulant therapy if it is clinically indicated. It is important to include the systematic evaluation of therapeutic adherence in older patients to identify factors that can modify the expected benefit. It is suggested to establish differential administrative processes in patients receiving DOACs in order to avoid administrative inconveniences with the authorizations and dispatches of the medication.eng
dc.subject.proposalCiencias de la saludspa
dc.subject.proposalFibrilación auricularspa
dc.subject.proposalAnticoagulantesspa
dc.subject.proposalAdherencia terapéuticaspa
dc.subject.proposalFragilidadspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia*
dc.coverage.campusUNAB Campus Bucaramangaspa
dc.description.learningmodalityModalidad Presencialspa


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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
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