dc.contributor.advisor | Cadena Sanabria, Miguel Oswaldo | spa |
dc.contributor.advisor | Ochoa Vera, Miguel Enrique | spa |
dc.contributor.author | Rodríguez Rocha, Wiston Alberto | spa |
dc.coverage.spatial | Floridablanca (Santander, Colombia) | spa |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-08-22T01:41:55Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-08-22T01:41:55Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020-06-08 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/7196 | |
dc.description.abstract | La fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV) es la arrimia cardiaca más frecuente y su prevalencia aumenta proporcionalmente con la edad. Esta se relaciona con desenlances desfavorables como muerte, accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV) y discapacidad. Aproximadamente el 80% de los ACV se pueden prevenir con el tratamiento anticoagulante oral (ACO), beneficio que es condicionado por una adecuada adherencia terapéutica. No existen estudios en Colombia que determinen cuales son los factores asociados con la adherencia al tratamiento anticoagulante en adultos mayores de 65 años ni la prevalencia de fragilidad en esta población, necesidad que justifica la realización del presente estudio.
Objetivo: Determinar cuales factores se encuentran relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento (ACO) de pacientes con FANV mayores de 65 años y determinar la prevalencia de fragilidad en la cohorte.
Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal realizado en la clínica de anticoagulación de la clínica FOSCAL en pacientes con FANV mayores de 65 años. Se evaluó la adherencia terapéutica por la escala de Morisky 8 y la fragilidad por la escala FRAIL de manera telepresencial. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de fragilidad, luego se realizó un análisis bivariado para determinar cuáles variables independientes se relacionaron con una buena o mala adherencia. Se aceptó como significancia estadística un valor de p < 0.05.
Resultados: Se recolectaron 102 pacientes (47% femenino y 53% masculino), con una promedio de edad de 76 años (mín 65 y máx 97 años). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron HTA, insuficiencia cardiaca, dislipidemia, ERC y DM. Se encontró que la adherencia fue baja en el 42,1%, moderada en el 23,5% y alta en el 34,3% de los casos. La razón principal que refirieron los pacientes fue el olvido en la toma de su medicamento (50%). Las variables asociadas con una baja adherencia fueron la inconformidad con el despacho del medicamento OR 2,97 (IC 95% 1.1 – 8.2 - p 0,02) y el despacho inoportuno OR 5.85 (IC 95% 1.5 – 32.8 - p 0,005). La toma de antiagregantes plaquetarios (p 0,04) y la presencia de polifarmacia (p 0,04) se asociaron con una moderada-alta adherencia. La prevalencia de fragilidad fue del 50,9% y no tuvo impacto en la adherencia terapéutica (p 0,95).
Conclusiones: La adherencia al tratamiento anticoagulante oral en pacientes con FANV mayores de 65 años fue en su mayoría moderada a baja. Las variables asociadas con menor adherencia fueron las relacionadas con el sumunistro de medicamentos. La fragilidad es una condición frecuente en adultos mayores con FANV, sin embargo esta no se asoció con mayor o menor adherencia y por tanto no debería condicionar la prescripción de la terapia anticoagulante si está clínicamente indicada. Es importante incluir la evaluación sistemática de la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes mayores para identificar factores que puedan modificar el beneficio esperado. Se sugiere establecer procesos administrativos diferenciales en pacientes que reciben ACODs con el objetivo de evitar inconvenientes administrativos con las autorizaciones y despachos del medicamento. | spa |
dc.description.tableofcontents | PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA Y JUSTIFICACIÓN 12
OBJETIVOS 14
GENERAL 14
ESPECÍFICOS 14
MARCO TEÓRICO 14
DEFINICIÓN E HISTORIA DE LA FIBRILACIÓN AURICULAR 14
EPIDEMIOLOGÍA 15
ETIOLOGÍA, PATOGENIA Y FACTORES DE RIESGO 15
DIAGNÓSTICO Y CLASIFICACIÓN 17
TRATAMIENTO ANTICOAGULANTE 19
ADHERENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO ANTICOAGULANTE 26
ESTADO DEL ARTE 31
HIPÓTESIS 33
METODOLOGÍA 33
DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO 33
LUGARES 33
POBLACIÓN 33
CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN 34
CRITERIOS DE EXCLUSIÓN 34
CÁLCULO DE TAMAÑO DE MUESTRA 34
MUESTREO 35
PLAN DE RECOLECCIÓN DE LA INFORMACIÓN 35
VARIABLES 36
CONTROL DE CALIDAD DE LOS DATOS 45
MONITOREO DE LOS DATOS 45
MANEJO DE LOS DATOS 45
PLAN DE ANÁLISIS DE DATOS 45
RESULTADOS E IMPACTOS ESPERADOS 46
DISPOSICIONES VIGENTES 48
IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DEL PROYECTO 48
CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS 48
CRONOGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES 50
PRESUPUESTO 50
RESULTADOS 51
ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO 52
ANÁLISIS BIVARIADO 61
DISCUSIÓN 70
CONCLUSIONES 77
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 78
ANEXOS 87 | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ | * |
dc.subject.mesh | Embolia pulmonar | spa |
dc.subject.mesh | Cardiopatías | spa |
dc.subject.mesh | Geriatría | spa |
dc.title | Factores asociados con la adherencia al tratamiento anticoagulante oral de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular mayores de 65 años | spa |
dc.title.translated | Factors associated with adherence to oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation over 65 years of age | eng |
dc.degree.name | Especialista en Medicina Interna | spa |
dc.publisher.grantor | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB | spa |
dc.rights.local | Abierto (Texto Completo) | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad Ciencias de la Salud | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Especialización en Medicina Interna | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Especialización | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
dc.type.local | Tesis | spa |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
dc.subject.keywords | Internal medicine | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Medicine | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Medical sciences | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Health sciences | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Atrial fibrillation | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Anticoagulants | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Therapeutic adherence | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Fragility | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Pulmonary embolism | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Heart diseases | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Geriatrics | eng |
dc.identifier.instname | instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB | spa |
dc.type.hasversion | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
dc.rights.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | spa |
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dc.contributor.cvlac | https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001339250 | * |
dc.contributor.cvlac | https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000898465 | * |
dc.contributor.googlescholar | https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=8fdkkOoAAAAJ | * |
dc.contributor.googlescholar | https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=jQUx5WcAAAAJ | * |
dc.contributor.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-3029 | * |
dc.contributor.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4552-3388 | * |
dc.contributor.scopus | https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56437735000 | * |
dc.contributor.scopus | https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=36987156500 | * |
dc.contributor.researchgate | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Miguel_Cadena-Sanabria | * |
dc.contributor.researchgate | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Miguel_Ochoa7 | * |
dc.subject.lemb | Medicina interna | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Medicina | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Ciencias médicas | spa |
dc.identifier.repourl | repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co | spa |
dc.description.abstractenglish | Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia and its prevalence increases proportionally with age. This is related to unfavorable outcomes such as death, strokes (strokes) and disability. Approximately 80% of strokes can be prevented with oral anticoagulant treatment (ACO), a benefit that is conditioned by adequate therapeutic adherence. There are no studies in Colombia that determine which factors are associated with adherence to anticoagulant treatment in adults over 65 years of age, nor the prevalence of frailty in this population, a need that justifies the performance of this study.
Objective: To determine which factors are related to the adherence to treatment (OAC) of patients with NVAF older than 65 years and to determine the prevalence of frailty in the cohort.
Methods: Observational analytical cross-sectional study carried out in the anticoagulation clinic of the FOSCAL clinic in patients with NVAF older than 65 years. Therapeutic adherence was evaluated by the Morisky 8 scale and fragility by the FRAIL scale in a telepresence way. A descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic, clinical and frailty variables was performed, then a bivariate analysis was performed to determine which independent variables were related to good or bad adherence. A value of p <0.05 was accepted as statistical significance.
Results: 102 patients were collected (47% female and 53% male), with an average age of 76 years (min 65 and max 97 years). The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension, heart failure, dyslipidemia, CKD, and DM. Adherence was found to be low in 42.1%, moderate in 23.5% and high in 34.3% of cases. The main reason reported by patients was forgetfulness in taking their medication (50%). The variables associated with low adherence were nonconformity with the dispensing of the drug OR 2.97 (95% CI 1.1 - 8.2 - p 0.02) and the inappropriate timing OR 5.85 (95% CI 1.5 - 32.8 - p 0.005). Taking antiplatelet agents (p 0.04) and the presence of polypharmacy (p 0.04) were associated with moderate-high adherence. The prevalence of frailty was 50.9% and had no impact on therapeutic adherence (p 0.95).
Conclusions: Adherence to oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with NVAF older than 65 years was mostly moderate to low. The variables associated with less adherence were those related to the supply of medications. Frailty is a frequent condition in older adults with NVAF, however this was not associated with more or less adherence and therefore should not condition the prescription of anticoagulant therapy if it is clinically indicated. It is important to include the systematic evaluation of therapeutic adherence in older patients to identify factors that can modify the expected benefit. It is suggested to establish differential administrative processes in patients receiving DOACs in order to avoid administrative inconveniences with the authorizations and dispatches of the medication. | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Ciencias de la salud | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Fibrilación auricular | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Anticoagulantes | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Adherencia terapéutica | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Fragilidad | spa |
dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | |
dc.rights.creativecommons | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia | * |
dc.coverage.campus | UNAB Campus Bucaramanga | spa |
dc.description.learningmodality | Modalidad Presencial | spa |