Mostrar el registro sencillo del ítem

dc.contributor.advisorGómez Lahiton, Edgar Davidspa
dc.contributor.advisorLubinus Badillo, Federico Guillermospa
dc.contributor.authorOlarte Marín, Andrés Mauriciospa
dc.coverage.spatialFloridablanca (Santander, Colombia)spa
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-06T23:27:33Z
dc.date.available2020-08-06T23:27:33Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/7179
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: Actualmente existe la recomendación de realizar las punciones vasculares con guía ecográfica para el paso de catéteres venosos centrales con el objetivo de disminuir la incidencia de complicaciones asociadas a la punción guiada por referencias anatómicas. En nuestro medio, no siempre contamos con la disponibilidad de equipos de ultrasonido para realizar dichos procedimientos y su uso se ha asociado a mayores costos en la atención en salud. A la fecha no contamos con estudios en nuestro medio que describan la prevalencia de variantes anatómicas de los vasos subclavios, así como las complicaciones asociadas a la punción eco dirigida. Estudios realizados en Europa y E.E.U.U reportan que aproximadamente 1/3 de los pacientes presentan alguna variante anatómica. El identificar en nuestro medio la prevalencia de variantes anatómicas y su relación con desenlaces clínicos a 30 días asociados a la punción guiada por ecografía es importante para dar soporte a la recomendación de tener disponibilidad cada vez mayor de insumos y el personal capacitado para garantizar que todo catéter venoso central se logre realizar bajo guía ecográfica Objetivos: Describir las variantes anatómicas de los vasos subclavios (vena y arteria subclavia) de una muestra de pacientes llevados a colocación de catéter con punción guía por ecografía. Metodología: Este estudio es de tipo cohorte prospectiva, la población correspondió a pacientes mayores de 18 años con indicación de paso de catéter venoso central con guía ecográfica. Los episodios se recogieron en un lapso de 6 meses, cada paciente se siguió por un lapso de 30 días o hasta su alta hospitalaria lo que ocurriera primero). El análisis estadístico se apoyó en el programa STATA 14.0. Se analizó la presencia de una presentación anatómica inusual de la vena subclavia como variable independiente y su asociación con complicaciones como número de intentos de paso de catéter, tener 1 complicación, tiempo requerido para el procedimiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 103 pacientes, 60% fueron mujeres, la media de edad fue de 61 años, la comorbilidad más frecuente fue la neoplasia hematológica (43%) seguida de hipertensión arterial y de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (42% y 21% respectivamente). El 34% de los pacientes tuvo una presentación anatómica inusual de la vena subclavia y la transposición arteriovenosa de la arteria y la vena subclavia fue la más prevalente (19%). Establecimos que las indicaciones más frecuentes para la colocación del catéter venoso central fueron el estado de choque (40.7%) seguido de la administración de quimioterapia (28%). Se encontró que en total 40 pacientes (38.8%) presentaron al menos una complicación ya sea inmediata o tardía. y 12 de estos pacientes (30%) presentaron 2 o más complicaciones. Conclusiones: En nuestro medio es necesaria la ejecución de estudios que incluyan un mayor número de población para encontrar asociaciones entre las variables anatomicas y desenlaces clínicos. Se concluye que aproximadamente hay 1/3 de probabilidad de fallar la colocación del CVC usando la técnica de seldinger con remarques anatómicos. No hay diferencias entre tener o no una variante anatómica para presentar alguna complicación asociada al procedimiento, probablemente porque la ecografía anula cualquier dificultad que la variante aporta al procedimiento por remarques anatómicos. Se observó una similar proporción de variantes anatómicas a lo reportado en la literatura europea y americana.spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1. RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO: 11 2. JUSTIFICACIÓN Y PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 13 3. MARCO TEORICO Y ESTADO DEL ARTE: 14 4. OBJETIVO GENERAL Y OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS 21 4.1 GENERAL: 21 4.2 ESPECIFICOS: 21 5. METODOLOGÍA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 22 5.1 TIPO DE ESTUDIO 22 5.2 POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA: 23 5.3. SELECCIÓN DE PACIENTES: 23 5.4 RECOLECCIÓN DE LA INFORMACIÓN 23 5.5 VARIABLES: 28 5.6 ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LOS DATOS 35 5.7 PLAN DE ANÁLISIS ESTADISTICO 36 5.8 ASPECTOS ÉTICOS 36 5.9 Resultados/Productos esperados y potenciales beneficiarios. 38 5.10 Disposiciones Vigentes 40 6. RESULTADOS. 41 6.1. Análisis univariado. 41 6.2. Análisis Bivariado. 52 7. DISCUSIÓN 54 8. CONCLUSIONES. 59 9. BIBILIOGRAFIA: 60 Anexos 69spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/*
dc.subject.meshCuidados críticosspa
dc.titleDescripción de las variantes anatómicas de los vasos subclavios y las complicaciones asociadas con el acceso venoso central guiado por ultrasonido. Estudio Eco-Vasc Ispa
dc.title.translatedDescription of the anatomical variants of the subclavian vessels and the complications associated with ultrasound-guided central venous access. Eco-Vasc Study Ieng
dc.degree.nameEspecialista en Medicina Internaspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABspa
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad Ciencias de la Saludspa
dc.publisher.programEspecialización en Medicina Internaspa
dc.description.degreelevelEspecializaciónspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.localTesisspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.subject.keywordsInternal medicineeng
dc.subject.keywordsMedicineeng
dc.subject.keywordsMedical scienceseng
dc.subject.keywordsHealth scienceseng
dc.subject.keywordsCentral venous catheterseng
dc.subject.keywordsAnatomical varianteng
dc.subject.keywordsSubclavian vesselseng
dc.subject.keywordsCritical Careeng
dc.subject.keywordsUltrasoundeng
dc.subject.keywordsCatheterseng
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABspa
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
dc.relation.references1. Orsi F. Ultrasound guided versus direct vein puncture in central venous port placement. J Vasc Access. 2000 Apr-Jun;1(2):73-7.spa
dc.relation.references2. Lamperti M, Bodenham AR, Pittiruti M, Blaivas M, Augoustides JG, Elbarbary M, et al.International evidencebased recommendations on ultrasound- guided vascular access. Intensive Care Medicine 2012;38(7):1105–17.spa
dc.relation.references3. Frasca D, Dahyot-Fizelier C, Mimoz O. 2010. Prevention of central venous catheterrelated infection in the intensive care unit. Critical Care 14:212spa
dc.relation.references4. McGee DC, Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous catheterization. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1123–1133.spa
dc.relation.references5. Ultrasound-guided vascular access in adults and children: Beyond the internal jugular vein puncture. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2008;59:157–166.spa
dc.relation.references6. The role of sonography in the placement and management of jugular and subclavian central venous catheters. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163:291–296.spa
dc.relation.references7. Practice Guidelines for Central Venous Access, American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Central Venous Access. Anesthesiology 2012spa
dc.relation.references8. Duffy FD, Holmboe ES. What procedures should internists do? Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:392–3spa
dc.relation.references9. Pronovost P, An Intervention to Decrease Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:2725-2732spa
dc.relation.references10. Sznajder JI, Zveibil FR, Bitterman H, Weiner P, Bursztein S. Central vein catheterization. Failure and complication rates by three percutaneous approaches. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146:259–6.spa
dc.relation.references11. Paoletti F. Central venous catheters. Observations on the implantation technique and its complications. Minerva Anestesiol. 2005 Sep;71(9):555-60.spa
dc.relation.references12. Brass P, Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 9;1:CD011447.spa
dc.relation.references13. Hoffman T, Ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization: A review of the relevant anatomy, technique, complications and anatomical variations. Clinical Anatomy doi: 10.1002/ca.22768, Press pending 2017spa
dc.relation.references14. Caridi JG, Hawkins IF Jr, Wiechmann BN, Pevarski DJ, Tonkin JC. Sonographic guidance when using the right internal jugular vein for central vein access. American Journal of Roentgenology 1998;171(5):1259–63.spa
dc.relation.references15. Denys BG, Uretsky BF. Anatomical variations of internal jugular vein localisation: impact on central venous access. Critical Care Medicine 1991;42(3):218–23.spa
dc.relation.references16. Ferral H. US-guided puncture of the internal jugular vein: an unexpected anatomic relationship. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 1998;9(5):854–5spa
dc.relation.references17. McIntyre AS, Levison RA, Wood S, Phillips RK, LennardJones JE. Duplex Doppler ultrasound identifies veins suitable for insertion of central feeding catheters. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 1992;16(3):264–7.spa
dc.relation.references18. Merrer J, De Jonghe B, Golliot F, Lefrant JY, Raffy B, Barre E, Rigaud JP, Casciani D, Misset B, Bosquet C, Outin H, Brun-Buisson C, Nitenberg G. Complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;286:700–7.spa
dc.relation.references19. Spencer, T. R., & Bardin-Spencer, A. J. (2019). Pre- and post-review of a standardized ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization curriculum evaluating procedural skills acquisition and clinician confidence. The Journal of Vascular Access, 2019-112972981988260. doi:10.1177/1129729819882602.spa
dc.relation.references20. Hoskote SS, Khouli H, Lanoix R, et al. Simulation-based training for emergency medicine residents in sterile technique during central venous catheterization: impact on performance, policy, and outcomes. Acad Emerg Med 2015; 22(1): 81–87.spa
dc.relation.references21. Latif RK, Bautista AF, Memon SB, et al. Teaching aseptic technique for central venous access under ultrasound guidance: a randomized trial comparing didactic training alone to didactic plus simulation-based training. Anesth Analg 2012; 114(3): 626–633.spa
dc.relation.references22. Barsuk JH, Cohen ER, Feinglass J, et al. Use of simulationbased education to reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169(15): 1420–1423.spa
dc.relation.references23. Peltan ID, Shiga T, Gordon JA, et al. Simulation improves procedural protocol adherence during central venous catheter placement: a randomized-controlled trial. Simul Healthc 2015; 10(5): 270–276.spa
dc.relation.references24. Corvetto MA, Pedemonte JC, Varas D, et al. Simulationbased training program with deliberate practice for ultrasound-guided jugular central venous catheter placement. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2017; 61(9): 1184–1191.spa
dc.relation.references25. Ma IW, Brindle ME, Ronksley PE, et al. Use of simulationbased education to improve outcomes of central venous catheterization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Med 2011; 86(9): 1137–1147.spa
dc.relation.references26. Soni NJ, Reyes LF, Keyt H, et al. Use of ultrasound guidance for central venous catheterization: a national survey of intensivists and hospitalists. J Crit Care. 2016;36:277-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.07.014.spa
dc.relation.references27. Parienti JJ, Mongardon N, Mégarbane B, et al. Intravascular complications of central venous catheterization by insertion site. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(13):1220-1229. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1500964.spa
dc.relation.references28. Maizel J, Bastide MA, Richecoeur J, et al. Practice of ultrasound-guided central venous catheter technique by the French intensivists: a survey from the BoReal study group. Ann Intensive Care. 2016;6(1):76. https://doi. org/10.1186/s13613-016-0177-x.spa
dc.relation.references29. Saugel bernd, Scheeren Thomas W. L. and Teboul Jean-Louis, Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement: a structured review and recommendations for clinical practice. Critical Care (2017) 21:225 DOI 10.1186/s13054-017-1814-y.spa
dc.relation.references30. Raad I, Darouiche R, Dupuis J, et al. Central venous catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin for the prevention of catheter-related colonization and bloodstream infections: a randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:267-274.spa
dc.relation.references31. Heard SO, Wagle M, Vijayakumar E, et al. Influence of triple-lumen central venous catheters coated with chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine on the incidence of catheter-related bacteremia. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:81-87.spa
dc.relation.references32. McKinley S, Mackenzie A, Finfer S, Ward R, Penfold J. Incidence and predictors of central venous catheter related infection in intensive care patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 1999;27:164-169.spa
dc.relation.references33. Raad II, Hohn DC, Gilbreath BJ, et al. Prevention of central venous catheter-related infections by using maximal sterile barrier precautions during insertion. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994;15:231-238.spa
dc.relation.references34. Flowers RH III, Schwenzer KJ, Kopel RF, Fisch MJ, Tucker SI, Farr BM. Efficacy of an attachable subcutaneous cuff for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infection: a randomized, controlled trial. JAMA 1989;261:878-883.spa
dc.relation.references35. Zakrzewska-Bode A, Muytjens HL, Liem KD, Hoogkamp-Korstanje JA. Mupirocin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci, after topical prophylaxis for the reduction of colonization of central venous catheters. J Hosp Infect 1995;31:189-193.spa
dc.relation.references36. Vanholder R, Canaud B, Fluck R, Jadoul M, Labriola L, Marti-Monros A, Tordoir J, Van Biesen W. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of haemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI): a position statement of European Renal Best Practice (ERBP). NDT Plus. 2010 Jun; 3(3):234-246.spa
dc.relation.references36. Vanholder R, Canaud B, Fluck R, Jadoul M, Labriola L, Marti-Monros A, Tordoir J, Van Biesen W. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of haemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI): a position statement of European Renal Best Practice (ERBP). NDT Plus. 2010 Jun; 3(3):234-246.spa
dc.relation.references37. Salzman MB, Isenberg HD, Shapiro JF, Lipsitz PJ, Rubin LG. A prospective study of the catheter hub as the portal of entry for microorganisms causing catheter-related sepsis in neonates. J Infect Dis 1993;167:487-490spa
dc.relation.references38. Cook D, Randolph A, Kernerman P, et al. Central venous catheter replacement strategies: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care Med 1997;25:1417-1424spa
dc.relation.references39. Bonawitz SC, Hammell EJ, Kirkpatrick JR. Prevention of central venous catheter sepsis: a prospective randomized trial. Am Surg 1991;57:618-623spa
dc.relation.references40. Collin GR. Decreasing catheter colonization through the use of an antiseptic-impregnated catheter: a continuous quality improvement project. Chest 1999;115:1632-1640.spa
dc.relation.references41. Mansfield PF, Hohn DC, Fornage BD, Gregurich MA, Ota DM. Complications and failures of subclavian-vein catheterization. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1735-1738.spa
dc.relation.references42. Martin C, Eon B, Auffray JP, Saux P, Gouin F. Axillary or internal jugular central venous catheterization. Crit Care Med 1990;18:400-402spa
dc.relation.references43. Durbec O, Viviand X, Potie F, Vialet R, Albanese J, Martin C. A prospective evaluation of the use of femoral venous catheters in critically ill adults. Crit Care Med 1997;25:1986-1989spa
dc.relation.references44. Timsit JF, Bruneel F, Cheval C, et al. Use of tunneled femoral catheters to prevent catheter-related infection: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:729-735spa
dc.relation.references45. Teichgraber UK, Benter T, Gebel M, Manns MP. A sonographically guided technique for central venous access. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;169:731-733spa
dc.relation.references46. Pinelli F, Balsorano P. Catheter-related thrombosis natural history in adult patients: a tale of controversies, misconceptions, and fears. J Vasc Access. 2019 Oct 5:1129729819879818. doi: 10.1177/1129729819879818.spa
dc.relation.references47. Miller,rady, Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections: Recommendations Relevant to Interventional Radiology for Venous Cathete. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012 August ; 23(8): 997–1007. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2012.04.023.r Placement and Maintenance.spa
dc.relation.references48. Rodriguez A et al, Variantes anatómicas vasculares halladas de manera incidental en estudios de tomografía computada. RAR - Volumen 77 - Número 1 - 2013.spa
dc.relation.references49. Reyes JM, Encinas CA, Da Rosa WG, Vallejos G. Consideraciones anatómicas sobre la venopunción subclavia. Rev Post VI Cat Med. 2007; 165: 1-5.spa
dc.relation.references50. Lin, B.-S., Kong, C.-W., Tarng, D.-C., Huang, T.-P., & Tang, G.-J. (1998). Anatomical variation of the internal jugular and Subclavian vein and its impact on temporary haemodialysis vascular access: an ultrasonographic survey in uraemic patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 13(1), 134–138. doi:10.1093/ndt/13.1.134.spa
dc.relation.references51. Walther, N. D., & Auyong, D. B. (2012). Subclavian Artery and Vein Transposition Has Implications for Regional Anesthesia and Subclavian Vein Catheter Insertion. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 115(1), 211–212.spa
dc.relation.references52. Nishida, Y., Misawa, K., Hirano, R., Otagiri, N., & Tauchi, K. (2019). Rare anomaly of the right subclavian artery and vein transposition: A case report. The Journal of Vascular Access, 112972981882516.spa
dc.relation.references53. T Ueno et al. Arteriovenous Malformation Manifested After Subclavian Central Venous Catheterization. J Dermatol 45 (1), e13-e14. Jan 2018. PMID 28971507. - Case Reportsspa
dc.relation.references54. EN Brountzos et al. Congenital Subclavian Artery-To-Subclavian Vein Fistula in an Adult: Treatment With Transcatheter Embolization. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 27 (6), 675-77. Nov-Dec 2004. PMID 15578145.spa
dc.relation.references55. Lavallée, C., Ayoub, C., Mansour, A., Lambert, J., Lebon, J.-S., Lalu, M. M., & Denault, A. (2017). Subclavian and axillary vessel anatomy: a prospective observational ultrasound study. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal Canadien D’anesthésie, 65(4), 350–359.spa
dc.relation.references56. Indicadores Básicos. Situación de Salud en Santander. Observatorio de salud pública de Santander. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Sistema Integral de Información SISPRO, 2017.spa
dc.relation.references57. Rando K, Castelli J, Pratt J, Scavino M, Rey G, Rocca M, Zunini G. 2014. Ultrasoundguided internal jugular vein catheterization: A randomized controlled trial. Heart Lung Vessels 6:13-23.spa
dc.relation.references58. Bose N, Patel H, Kamat H. 2014. Evaluation of ultrasound for central venous Access in ICU by an inexperienced trainee. Indian J Crit Care Med 18:26-32spa
dc.relation.references59. Frasca D, Dahyot-Fizelier C, Mimoz O. 2010. Prevention of central venous catheterrelated infection in the intensive care unit. Critical Care 14:212.spa
dc.relation.references60. Peris et al. Implantation of 3951 Long-Term Central Venous Catheters: Performances, Risk Analysis, and Patient Comfort After Ultrasound-Guidance Introduction. (Anesth Analg 2010; 111:1194–201.spa
dc.relation.references61. Karakitsos et al. ultrasound-guided catheterisation of the internal jugular vein: a prospective comparison with the landmark technique in critical care Patients. Critical Care 2006, 10:R162.spa
dc.relation.references62. Merrer J, 2001. Complications of Femoral and Subclavian Venous Catheterization in critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Amer Med Assoc 286:700-707spa
dc.relation.references63. Silva JD, Berna EA, Neutropenia Febril en pacientes adultos de un centro de referencia de Hemato-Oncología en Colombia: una descripción de los hallazgos clínicos y microbiológicos. II Congreso Medicina interna UNAB 2018.spa
dc.contributor.cvlacLubinus Badillo, Federico Guillermo [0001475552]*
dc.contributor.orcidGómez Lahiton, Edgar David [0000-0002-3556-782X]*
dc.contributor.researchgateOlarte Marín, Andrés Mauricio [Andres-Olarte-2]*
dc.subject.lembMedicina internaspa
dc.subject.lembMedicinaspa
dc.subject.lembCiencias médicasspa
dc.subject.lembEcografíaspa
dc.subject.lembCatéteresspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.cospa
dc.description.abstractenglishIntroduction: Nowadays, vascular punctures by ultrasound guidance are preferred to the reference guide to reduce complications associated with the procedure. Due to the costs associated with these procedures, this resource is not available at all levels of care or in all health institutions due to a tight budget. At the date of execution of this study, there are no studies in Latin America to know the variable of our subclavian vein anatomy, as well as the complications of echo-directed vascular puncture. Few studies in Europe and the USA. USA They report that almost 1/3 of patients have an anatomic variable of the subclavian vein. Identifying our anatomical variable and its relationship to the 30-day complications associated with echo-guided vascular puncture is crucial to establish recommendations to increase its use in our health system to ensure that each vascular puncture is performed using ultrasound guidance. Objectives: to describe the anatomical variants of the subclavian vessels (vein and subclavian artery) of a sample of patients led to catheter placement with ultrasound guidance. Methods: In a prospective cohort study in which the follow-up was 30 days from the placement of the subclavian catheter with puncture with ultrasound guidance, patients older than 18 years were included. We evaluated the anatomical variants of the subclavian vessels and the complications associated with the procedure during follow-up. Results: a total of 103 patients were enrolled, the median age was 61 years, 60% were women, the most frequent comorbidity was hematologic malignancy (43%) followed by hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (42% and 21 % respectively). 34% of patients had an unusual anatomical presentation of the subclavian vein. Arteriovenous transposition of the artery and subclavian vein (19%) was the most frequent found variable. We established that the most frequent indications for the placement of the central venous catheter were shock (40.7%) followed by the administration of chemotherapy (28%). A total of 16,4% patients present at least one immediate or late complication. None anatomical variable was associated with any complication. Conclusions: About 34% of our population has a different anatomical presentation of the subclavian vessels, so the procedure using the reference anatomical guide will probably fail 1/3 of the time. No complications were associated with having or not an anatomical variance. A similar proportion of anatomical variants was observed in European and American literature.eng
dc.subject.proposalCiencias de la saludspa
dc.subject.proposalCatéter venoso centralspa
dc.subject.proposalVariante anatómicaspa
dc.subject.proposalVena subclaviaspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia*
dc.contributor.researchgroupObservatorio de Salud Pública de Santanderspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigaciones Clínicasspa
dc.coverage.campusUNAB Campus Bucaramangaspa
dc.description.learningmodalityModalidad Presencialspa


Ficheros en el ítem

Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

Este ítem aparece en la(s) siguiente(s) colección(ones)

Mostrar el registro sencillo del ítem

Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia