Mostrar el registro sencillo del ítem

dc.contributor.advisorRangel Jaimes, German Williamspa
dc.contributor.authorTrujillo Uribe, Néstor Joséspa
dc.coverage.spatialBucaramanga (Santander, Colombia)spa
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-04T23:15:34Z
dc.date.available2020-08-04T23:15:34Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/7152
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: el dolor crónico es un problema serio de salud pública. Las herramientas terapéuticas disponibles han sido cuestionadas por sus efectos secundarios indeseables. El uso de cannabis medicinal se ha propuesto como parte de una estrategia multimodal, para manejo del dolor crónico, por considerarle una alternativa más segura y efectiva. En las últimas dos décadas, el cannabis medicinal ha ganado gran relevancia mediática, socioeconómica y científica en el país. Con gran controversia, los medicamentos a base de cannabis son empleados en todas latitudes, mientras la comunidad científica en todo el mundo se interesa en recopilar evidencia del efecto clínico. Pocos estudios se han enfocado en las percepciones, actitudes y creencias de los pacientes. En Colombia, no se había realizado ninguno. Planteamiento del problema: tras varias décadas de proscripción legal del cultivo, transporte, posesión, uso o consumo de marihuana, en Colombia se viene gestando un enfoque diferencial entre el narcotráfico, el microtráfico, el uso recreativo y el medicinal. El uso medicinal de cannabis ha sido despenalizado y el Gobierno inició el proceso de reglamentar la producción, transformación y comercialización. El uso medicinal de cannabis en Colombia es relevante, tanto en el ámbito científico, como en el social; al igual que en el resto del mundo. La marihuana aquí es la droga ilícita más comúnmente usada. En este país prevalecen ideas vagamente relacionadas con las percepciones y actitudes de la población colombiana frente a la marihuana. La percepción pública acerca de la eficacia de los cannabinoides en dolor no parece ser consistente con la evidencia científica disponible pues la percepción de efectividad es muy subjetiva. Igualmente, es necesario que los profesionales de la salud entiendan, controlen y adapten los procesos de farmacología y medicina actuales a los aspectos claves del cannabis en el manejo del dolor, con el fin de disminuir el riesgo derivado de su uso. Objetivos: describir las percepciones, actitudes y creencias acerca del uso de cannabis medicinal en pacientes con dolor crónico en una institución de salud de tercer nivel del Nororiente colombiano. Metodología: el presente estudio, se desarrolló usando técnicas de investigación de campo, a partir de un cuestionario autoadministrado que preservó el anonimato. El muestreo se hizo por conveniencia, tanto en pacientes como en sus familiares o acudientes. Se evaluaron las relaciones entre percepciones, creencias y actitudes y las características demográficas del consumo de cannabis, experiencias previas, estado de salud y calidad de vida, intensidad del dolor, presencia de comorbilidades y consumo de otras sustancias psicoactivas. Resultados: se logró obtener información útil para comprender el constructo psicosocial de los pacientes en lo referente al cannabis medicinal. Predominó entre ellos una postura neutral, mientras que la de los familiares fue más variada, con tendencia positiva en la mayoría de los aspectos. La prevalencia de consumo medicinal fue baja en los dos grupos. Los pacientes con dolor crónico encuestados no se comportan igual que lo reportado en estudios internacionales. Discusión: a pesar del complicado contexto colombiano referente al uso de las sustancias psicoactivas y el impacto del narcotráfico, los pacientes no son renuentes a la posibilidad de emplear el cannabis medicinal para el manejo del dolor crónico; tampoco para el manejo de otros síntomas. Su posición neutral permite que, dirigiendo apropiadamente las políticas públicas en salud y educación, puedan modificarse estas percepciones de acuerdo a la evidencia científica. También se destaca a partir de los resultados el importante papel de los familiares, no solo en la toma de decisiones, sino también como amplificadores positivos de la idea de utilidad terapéutica del cannabis medicinal. Este estudio abre las puertas a lo que debe ser un campo de investigación amplio y dinámico, que integre el conocimiento científico con el contexto del paciente usando un enfoque biopsicosocial integrador.spa
dc.description.tableofcontentsLISTA DE FIGURAS I LISTA DE TABLAS II GLOSARIO III RESUMEN 1 ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 3 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 4 RELEVANCIA DEL USO MEDICINAL DEL CANNABIS ¿POR QUÉ INVESTIGAR? 4 CANNABIS COMO FITOTERAPIA 5 Cannabis 6 Cannabinoides 6 CANNABIS MEDICINAL 7 EPIDEMIOLOGIA DEL CONSUMO DE CANNABIS 9 Prevalencia de Consumo en Europa 10 Prevalencia de Consumo en Norteamérica 11 Prevalencia de Consumo en Latinoamérica 11 Características de Consumo por Edad 11 Características de Consumo por Sexo 12 Características de Consumo por Nivel Socioeconómico 14 Características de Consumo por Estado Civil 15 Características de Consumo por Nivel Educativo 15 Características de Consumo por Vinculación Laboral 16 Características de Consumo por Estado de Salud 16 USO RECREATIVO VERSUS MEDICINAL 17 CONTEXTO PSICOSOCIAL LATINOAMERICANO 19 USO DE CANNABIS EN COLOMBIA 20 Contexto Psicosocial 21 BARRERAS PARA LA INVESTIGACIÓN 25 JUSTIFICACIÓN 33 OBJETIVOS 36 GENERAL 36 ESPECÍFICOS 36 MARCO REFERENCIAL 37 MARCO TEÓRICO 38 ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOS 38 CONCEPTOS FARMACOLÓGICOS RELEVANTES 41 Cannabis 41 Cannabinoides 41 Sistema Endocannabinoide 42 PRODUCTOS MEDICINALES DISPONIBLES 46 Vías de Administración 48 Absorción 50 Distribución 51 Metabolismo 51 Eliminación 51 Productos en Desarrollo 52 Presentaciones Concentradas 52 SEGUNDO EFECTO 54 Impacto Sobre el Consumo de Otros Fármacos 56 EFECTOS SECUNDARIOS INDESEABLES 58 Consumo Problemático 60 Tratamiento del Uso Problemático 64 ASPECTOS LEGALES 67 CONTEXTO COLOMBIANO 72 ESTADO DEL ARTE 76 GENERALIDADES 76 TEORÍAS Y APROXIMACIONES ANALÍTICAS 77 ACTITUDES Y CREENCIAS 81 MOTIVACIONES PARA EL USO 86 PERCEPCIÓN DE EFICACIA 87 PERCEPCIÓN DE PLACER 89 MOTIVACIONES PARA EL NO USO 90 PERCEPCIÓN DE RIESGO 93 ESTIGMATIZACIÓN 95 ACTITUDES, CREENCIAS Y PERCEPCIONES DE LOS TRABAJADORES DE LA SALUD 98 ESTRATEGIAS PARA REDUCIR LA ESTIGMATIZACIÓN Y LAS BARRERAS DE ACCESO A CANNABIS MEDICINAL 100 Educación para Trabajadores de la Salud 102 PERFIL DEL CONSUMIDOR 104 Frecuencia de Consumo 106 POBLACIONES ESPECIALES 107 Embarazo 107 Infantes y Adolescentes 109 LISTA DE FIGURAS I LISTA DE TABLAS II GLOSARIO III RESUMEN 1 ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 3 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 4 RELEVANCIA DEL USO MEDICINAL DEL CANNABIS ¿POR QUÉ INVESTIGAR? 4 CANNABIS COMO FITOTERAPIA 5 Cannabis 6 Cannabinoides 6 CANNABIS MEDICINAL 7 EPIDEMIOLOGIA DEL CONSUMO DE CANNABIS 9 Prevalencia de Consumo en Europa 10 Prevalencia de Consumo en Norteamérica 11 Prevalencia de Consumo en Latinoamérica 11 Características de Consumo por Edad 11 Características de Consumo por Sexo 12 Características de Consumo por Nivel Socioeconómico 14 Características de Consumo por Estado Civil 15 Características de Consumo por Nivel Educativo 15 Características de Consumo por Vinculación Laboral 16 Características de Consumo por Estado de Salud 16 USO RECREATIVO VERSUS MEDICINAL 17 CONTEXTO PSICOSOCIAL LATINOAMERICANO 19 USO DE CANNABIS EN COLOMBIA 20 Contexto Psicosocial 21 BARRERAS PARA LA INVESTIGACIÓN 25 JUSTIFICACIÓN 33 OBJETIVOS 36 GENERAL 36 ESPECÍFICOS 36 MARCO REFERENCIAL 37 MARCO TEÓRICO 38 ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOS 38 CONCEPTOS FARMACOLÓGICOS RELEVANTES 41 Cannabis 41 Cannabinoides 41 Sistema Endocannabinoide 42 PRODUCTOS MEDICINALES DISPONIBLES 46 Vías de Administración 48 Absorción 50 Distribución 51 Metabolismo 51 Eliminación 51 Productos en Desarrollo 52 Presentaciones Concentradas 52 SEGUNDO EFECTO 54 Impacto Sobre el Consumo de Otros Fármacos 56 EFECTOS SECUNDARIOS INDESEABLES 58 Consumo Problemático 60 Tratamiento del Uso Problemático 64 ASPECTOS LEGALES 67 CONTEXTO COLOMBIANO 72 ESTADO DEL ARTE 76 GENERALIDADES 76 TEORÍAS Y APROXIMACIONES ANALÍTICAS 77 ACTITUDES Y CREENCIAS 81 MOTIVACIONES PARA EL USO 86 PERCEPCIÓN DE EFICACIA 87 PERCEPCIÓN DE PLACER 89 MOTIVACIONES PARA EL NO USO 90 PERCEPCIÓN DE RIESGO 93 ESTIGMATIZACIÓN 95 ACTITUDES, CREENCIAS Y PERCEPCIONES DE LOS TRABAJADORES DE LA SALUD 98 ESTRATEGIAS PARA REDUCIR LA ESTIGMATIZACIÓN Y LAS BARRERAS DE ACCESO A CANNABIS MEDICINAL 100 Educación para Trabajadores de la Salud 102 PERFIL DEL CONSUMIDOR 104 Frecuencia de Consumo 106 POBLACIONES ESPECIALES 107 Embarazo 107 Infantes y Adolescentes 109 Usuarios de Otras Sustancias Psicoactivas 111 Pacientes Psiquiátricos 113 Pacientes con Infección por VIH/SIDA 114 Profesionales de la Salud 114 Militares Activos y en Retiro 114 Adultos Mayores 116 Pacientes Oncológicos y en Cuidados Paliativos 116 METODOLOGÍA 120 PREGUNTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 120 DISEÑO 120 POBLACIÓN 120 Población Blanco 120 Población a Estudio 121 CÁLCULO DEL TAMAÑO DE LA MUESTRA 121 MUESTREO 122 CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN 122 CRITERIOS DE EXCLUSIÓN 122 FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN 123 VARIABLES 124 Universales 124 Demográficas 125 Estado de Salud y Calidad de Vida 130 Dolor y calidad de vida 135 Percepción frente al uso de cannabis medicinal como tratamiento del dolor 140 Patrón de consumo de cannabis 144 Patrón de consumo de alcohol y tabaco (cigarrillo) 147 Comentarios 149 Consideraciones adicionales 149 PROCEDIMIENTOS 149 Elegibilidad 150 Consentimiento 150 PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS 151 ANÁLISIS DE DATOS 151 RESULTADOS ESPERADOS 152 RELACIONADOS CON LA GENERACIÓN DE CONOCIMIENTO 152 FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA COMUNIDAD CIENTÍFICA 153 APROPIACIÓN SOCIAL DEL CONOCIMIENTO 154 IMPACTOS ESPERADOS 155 VENTAJAS DEL ESTUDIO 156 LIMITACIONES DEL ESTUDIO 156 CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS 158 RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS 159 INCLUSIÓN DE PACIENTES 159 VARIABLES UNIVERSALES 160 ELEGIBILIDAD 160 TASA DE RESPUESTA y asistencia 161 VARIABLES DEMOGRÁFICAS 162 edad 162 SEXO AL NACER 164 estado civil 166 educación 167 empleo 169 residencia 170 nivel socieconómico 171 VARIABLES DEL ESTADO DE SALUD Y CALIDAD DE VIDA 172 estado de salud autopercibido 172 cognición 176 VARIABLES DE DOLOR Y CALIDAD DE VIDA 177 intensidad del dolor 177 comorbilidades 178 automedicación 179 ansiedad Y DEPRESIÓN 179 VARIABLES DE PERCEPCIONES, ACTITUDES Y CREENCIAS 180 percepción de eficacia 180 percepción de riesgo 185 aceptabilidad 191 actitudes 194 experiencia 201 VARIABLES DE PATRÓN DE CONSUMO DE CANNABIS 202 prevalencia de uso 202 patrón de consumo 204 motivaciones 206 decisión para el uso medicinal 208 impacto sobre el uso de analgésicos 210 VARIABLES DE CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL Y TABACO (CIGARRILLO) 211 ANALISIS BIVARIADO 214 COMENTARIOS 226 DISCUSIÓN 230 CRONOGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES 232 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 233 ANEXOS 247 PRESUPUESTO 247 CONSENTIMIENTO INFORMADO 249 INSTRUMENTO DE RECOLECCION DE DATOS 251 MANUAL DEL CUESTIONARIO PARA ENTREVISTA TELEFÓNICA: PACIENTES 266 MANUAL DEL CUESTIONARIO PARA ENTREVISTA TELEFÓNICA: FAMILIARES O ACUDIENTES 298 OPERACIONALIZACIÓN DE VARIABLES - PACIENTES 319 OPERACIONALIZACIÓN DE VARIABLES - FAMILIARES O ACUDIENTES 337 TABLAS Y FIGURAS 350spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/*
dc.subject.meshDolor crónicospa
dc.subject.meshMarihuana medicinalspa
dc.subject.meshManejo del dolorspa
dc.titleCannabis medicinal para manejo de dolor ¿lo usaría?spa
dc.title.translatedMedicinal cannabis for pain management would you use it?eng
dc.degree.nameEspecialista en Anestesiologíaspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABspa
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad Ciencias de la Saludspa
dc.publisher.programEspecialización en Anestesiologíaspa
dc.description.degreelevelEspecializaciónspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.localTesisspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.subject.keywordsAnesthesiologyeng
dc.subject.keywordsMedical scienceseng
dc.subject.keywordsHealth scienceseng
dc.subject.keywordsMedicineeng
dc.subject.keywordsTherapeutic toolseng
dc.subject.keywordsClinical effecteng
dc.subject.keywordsSide effectseng
dc.subject.keywordsChronic paineng
dc.subject.keywordsMedical marijuanaeng
dc.subject.keywordsMedicine botaniceng
dc.subject.keywordsMedicineseng
dc.subject.keywordsMedicinal consumptioneng
dc.subject.keywordsPain managementeng
dc.subject.keywordsPublic healtheng
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABspa
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
dc.relation.references1. Rochford C, Edgeworth D, Hashim M, Harmon D. Attitudes of Irish patients with chronic pain towards medicinal cannabis. Ir J Med Sci. 2019;188(1):267–72.spa
dc.relation.references2. Romero-Sandoval EA, Fincham JE, Kolano AL, Sharpe BN, Alvarado-Vázquez PA. Cannabis for Chronic Pain: Challenges and Considerations. Pharmacotherapy. 2018;38(6):651–62.spa
dc.relation.references3. Piper BJ, Beals ML, Abess AT, Nichols SD, Martin MW, Cobb CM, et al. Chronic pain patients’ perspectives of medical cannabis. Pain. 2017;158(7):1373–9.spa
dc.relation.references4. Sexton M, Cuttler C, Finnell JS, Mischley LK. A Cross-Sectional Survey of Medical Cannabis Users: Patterns of Use and Perceived Efficacy. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016;1(1):131–8.spa
dc.relation.references5. Bachhuber MA, Arnsten JH, Starrels JL, Cunningham CO. Willingness to Participate in Longitudinal Research among People with Chronic Pain Who Take Medical Cannabis: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2018;3(1):45–53.spa
dc.relation.references6. Boehnke KF, Scott JR, Litinas E, Sisley S, Clauw DJ, Goesling J, et al. Cannabis Use Preferences and Decision-making Among a Cross-sectional Cohort of Medical Cannabis Patients with Chronic Pain. J Pain. 2019;20(11):1362–72.spa
dc.relation.references7. Khelemsky Y, Goldberg AT, Hurd YL, Winkel G, Ninh A, Qian L, et al. Perioperative Patient Beliefs Regarding Potential Effectiveness of Marijuana (Cannabinoids) for Treatment of Pain: A Prospective Population Survey. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017;42(5):652–9.spa
dc.relation.references8. Pedersen W, Sandberg S. The medicalisation of revolt: A sociological analysis of medical cannabis users. Sociol Heal Illn. 2013;35(1):17–32.spa
dc.relation.references9. Ablin JN. Attitudes of Israeli Rheumatologists to the Use of Medical Cannabis as Therapy for Rheumatic Disorders. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2016;7(2):e0012.spa
dc.relation.references10. Bayrampour H, Zahradnik M, Lisonkova S, Janssen P. Women’s perspectives about cannabis use during pregnancy and the postpartum period: An integrative review. Prev Med (Baltim). 2019;119(December 2018):17–23.spa
dc.relation.references11. Stith SS, Vigil JM, Brockelman F, Keeling K, Hall B. Patient-reported symptom relief following medical cannabis consumption. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9(AUG):1–8.spa
dc.relation.references12. Levine RJ. Medicalization of Psychoactive Substance Use and the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Milbank Q. 1991;69(4):623.spa
dc.relation.references13. Cohen NL, Heinz AJ, Ilgen M, Bonn-Miller MO. Pain, cannabis species, and cannabis use disorders. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2016;77(3):515–20.spa
dc.relation.references14. Kakooza-Mwesige A. The importance of botanical treatments in traditional societies and challenges in developing countries. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;52(2015):297–307.spa
dc.relation.references15. Russo EB. Beyond Cannabis: Plants and the Endocannabinoid System. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2016;37(7):594–605.spa
dc.relation.references16. Hall W. The future of the international drug control system and national drug prohibitions. Addiction. julio de 2018;113(7):1210–23.spa
dc.relation.references17. Dzierżanowski T. Prospects for the Use of Cannabinoids in Oncology and Palliative Care Practice: A Review of the Evidence. Cancers (Basel). enero de 2019;11(2).spa
dc.relation.references18. Philpot LM, Ebbert JO, Hurt RT. A survey of the attitudes, beliefs and knowledge about medical cannabis among primary care providers. BMC Fam Pract. 2019;20(1):1–7.spa
dc.relation.references19. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. La Marihuana con Uso Terapéutico en el Contexto Colombiano. 2014.spa
dc.relation.references20. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. 2018.spa
dc.relation.references21. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Cannabis problems in context — understanding the increase in European treatment demands. 2004.spa
dc.relation.references22. Kruger DJ, Kruger JS. Medical Cannabis Users’ Comparisons between Medical Cannabis and Mainstream Medicine. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2019;51(1):31–6.spa
dc.relation.references23. Friedman D, Sirven JI. Historical perspective on the medical use of cannabis for epilepsy: Ancient times to the 1980s. Epilepsy Behav. 2017;70(2017):298–301.spa
dc.relation.references24. Ebert T, Zolotov Y, Eliav S, Ginzburg O, Shapira I, Magnezi R. Assessment of israeli physicians’ knowledge, experience and attitudes towards medical cannabis: A pilot study. Isr Med Assoc J. 2015;17(7):437–41.spa
dc.relation.references25. Lancaster K, Seear K, Ritter A. Making medicine; producing pleasure: A critical examination of medicinal cannabis policy and law in Victoria, Australia. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;49(2017):117–25.spa
dc.relation.references26. Bachhuber M, Arnsten JH, Wurm G. Use of Cannabis to Relieve Pain and Promote Sleep by Customers at an Adult Use Dispensary. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2019;51(5):400–4.spa
dc.relation.references27. Riaño L AC, Téllez-Mosquera J. Toxicocinética y Mecanismos de Toxicidad Relacionados con el Consumo de Cannabis. En: Téllez-Mosquera J, editor. Marihuana Cannabis Aspectos Toxicológicos, Clínicos, Sociales y Potenciales usos terapéuticos. Bogotá D.C.: Ministerio de Justicia y del Derecho. Dirección de Política de Drogas y Actividades Relacionadas Observatorio de Drogas de Colombia; 2015.spa
dc.relation.references28. Szaflarski M, Sirven JI. Social factors in marijuana use for medical and recreational purposes. Epilepsy Behav. 2017;70(2017):280–7.spa
dc.relation.references29. De Luca MA, Di Chiara G, Cadoni C, Lecca D, Orsolini L, Papanti D, et al. Cannabis; Epidemiological, Neurobiological and Psychopathological Issues: An Update. CNS Neurol Disord - Drug Targets. 2017;16(5).spa
dc.relation.references30. Ebbert JO, Scharf EL, Hurt RT. Medical Cannabis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018;93(12):1842–7.spa
dc.relation.references31. Tapley P, Kellett S. Cannabis-based medicines and the perioperative physician. Perioper Med. 2019;8(1):1–15.spa
dc.relation.references32. Savage SR, Romero-Sandoval A, Schatman M, Wallace M, Fanciullo G, McCarberg B, et al. Cannabis in Pain Treatment: Clinical and Research Considerations. J Pain. 2016;17(6):654–68.spa
dc.relation.references33. Weiss SRB, Howlett KD, Baler RD. Building smart cannabis policy from the science up. Int J Drug Policy. abril de 2017;42:39–49.spa
dc.relation.references34. Henriquéz PC, Carvalho AMP de. Perceptions of drugs benefits and barriers to quit by undergraduate health students. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2008;16(spe):621–6.spa
dc.relation.references35. Hasan SS, Shaikh A, Ochani RK, Ashrafi MM, Ansari ZN, Abbas SH, et al. Perception and practices regarding cannabis consumption in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2019;0(0):1–19.spa
dc.relation.references36. Braun IM, Wright A, Peteet J, Meyer FL, Yuppa DP, Bolcic-Jankovic D, et al. Medical oncologists’ beliefs, practices, and knowledge regarding marijuana used therapeutically: A nationally representative survey study. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(19):1957–62.spa
dc.relation.references37. Gazibara T, Prpic M, Maric G, Pekmezovic T, Kisic-Tepavcevic D. Medical Cannabis in Serbia: The Survey of Knowledge and Attitudes in an Urban Adult Population. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2017;49(3):217–24.spa
dc.relation.references38. Reynolds IR, Fixen DR, Parnes BL, Lum HD, Shanbhag P, Church S, et al. Characteristics and Patterns of Marijuana Use in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. noviembre de 2018;66(11):2167–71.spa
dc.relation.references39. Lankenau SE, Kioumarsi A, Reed M, McNeeley M, Iverson E, Wong CF. Becoming a medical marijuana user. Int J Drug Policy. 2018;52(2018):62–70.spa
dc.relation.references40. Stillman M, Graves D, New PW, Bryce T, Alexander M. Survey on current treatments for pain after spinal cord damage. Spinal cord Ser cases. 2019;5:14.spa
dc.relation.references41. Wade DT, Robson P, House H, Makela P, Aram J. A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms. Clin Rehabil. febrero de 2003;17(1):21–9.spa
dc.relation.references42. Lal S, Prasad N, Ryan M, Tangri S, Silverberg MS, Gordon A, et al. Cannabis use amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. octubre de 2011;23(10):891–6.spa
dc.relation.references43. Ogborne AC, Smart RG, Adlaf EM. Self-reported medical use of marijuana: A survey of the general population. Cmaj. 2000;162(12):1685–6.spa
dc.relation.references44. Belle-Isle L, Walsh Z, Callaway R, Lucas P, Capler R, Kay R, et al. Barriers to access for Canadians who use cannabis for therapeutic purposes. Int J Drug Policy. 2014;25(4):691–9.spa
dc.relation.references45. Bohnert KM, Bonar EE, Arnedt JT, Conroy DA, Walton MA, Ilgen MA. Utility of the comprehensive marijuana motives questionnaire among medical cannabis patients. Addict Behav. enero de 2018;76:139–44.spa
dc.relation.references46. Häuser W, Fitzcharles MA, Radbruch L, Petzke F. Cannabinoids in Pain Management and Palliative Medicine. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017;114(38):627–34.spa
dc.relation.references47. Vujcic I, Pavlovic A, Dubljanin E, Maksimovic J, Nikolic A, Sipetic-Grujicic S. Attitudes Toward Medical Cannabis Legalization Among Serbian Medical Students. Subst Use Misuse. 2017;52(9):1225–31.spa
dc.relation.references48. Campbell G, Stockings E, Nielsen S. Understanding the evidence for medical cannabis and cannabis-based medicines for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. febrero de 2019;269(1):135–44.spa
dc.relation.references49. Fales JL, Ladd BO, Magnan RE. Pain Relief as a Motivation for Cannabis Use Among Young Adult Users With and Without Chronic Pain. J Pain. agosto de 2019;20(8):908–16.spa
dc.relation.references50. Hall W. Alcohol and cannabis: Comparing their adverse health effects and regulatory regimes. Int J Drug Policy. abril de 2017;42:57–62.spa
dc.relation.references51. Sridhar KS, Raub WAJ, Weatherby NL, Metsch LR, Surratt HL, Inciardi JA, et al. Possible role of marijuana smoking as a carcinogen in the development of lung cancer at a young age. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1994;26(3):285–8.spa
dc.relation.references52. Sznitman SR, Bretteville-Jensen AL. Public opinion and medical cannabis policies: Examining the role of underlying beliefs and national medical cannabis policies. Harm Reduct J. 2015;12(1):1–9.spa
dc.relation.references53. Urits I, Borchart M, Hasegawa M, Kochanski J, Orhurhu V, Viswanath O. An Update of Current Cannabis-Based Pharmaceuticals in Pain Medicine. Pain Ther. junio de 2019;8(1):41–51.spa
dc.relation.references54. Elkins AC, Deseo MA, Rochfort S, Ezernieks V, Spangenberg G. Development of a validated method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cannabinoids in plant biomass and medicinal cannabis resin extracts obtained by super-critical fluid extraction. J Chromatogr B, Anal Technol Biomed life Sci. marzo de 2019;1109:76–83.spa
dc.relation.references55. Marin G. Social-psychological correlates of drug use among colombian university students. Subst Use Misuse. 1976;11(2):199–207.spa
dc.relation.references56. Weinkle L, Domen CH, Shelton I, Sillau S, Nair K, Alvarez E. Exploring cannabis use by patients with multiple sclerosis in a state where cannabis is legal. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019;27(November 2018):383–90.spa
dc.relation.references57. Mendiburo-Seguel A, Vargas S, Oyanedel JC, Torres F, Vergara E, Hough M. Attitudes towards drug policies in Latin America: Results from a Latin-American Survey. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;41:8–13.spa
dc.relation.references58. Bottorff JL, Bissell LJL, Balneaves LG, Oliffe JL, Capler NR, Buxton J. Perceptions of cannabis as a stigmatized medicine: A qualitative descriptive study. Harm Reduct J. 2013;10(1):1.spa
dc.relation.references59. Brenton JN, Schreiner T, Karoscik K, Richter M, Ferrante S, Waldman A, et al. Attitudes, perceptions, and use of marijuana in youth with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2018;265(2):417–23.spa
dc.relation.references60. Hall W, Stjepanović D, Caulkins J, Lynskey M, Leung J, Campbell G, et al. Public health implications of legalising the production and sale of cannabis for medicinal and recreational use. Lancet. 2019;394(10208):1580–90.spa
dc.relation.references61. Fiestas F, Radovanovic M, Martins SS, Medina-Mora ME, Posada-Villa J, Anthony JC. Cross-national differences in clinically significant cannabis problems: Epidemiologic evidence from “cannabis-only” smokers in the United States, Mexico, and Colombia. BMC Public Health. 2010;10.spa
dc.relation.references62. Diaz LA, Torregrosa L, Benítez L, Mercado M, Fiorentino S. Plant-based complementary and alternative medicine used by breast cancer patients at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia. Vol. 17, Universitas Scientiarum. 2012. p. 291–302.spa
dc.relation.references63. Stillman M, Mallow M, Ransom T, Gustafson K, Bell A, Graves D. Attitudes toward and knowledge of medical cannabis among individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal cord Ser cases. 2019;5:6.spa
dc.relation.references64. Pacula RL, Jacobson M, Maksabedian EJ. In the weeds: A baseline view of cannabis use among legalizing states and their neighbours. Addiction. 2016;111(6):973–80.spa
dc.relation.references65. Swift W, Gates P, Dillon P. Survey of Australians using cannabis for medical purposes. Harm Reduct J. 2005;2:1–10.spa
dc.relation.references66. Banwell E, Pavisian B, Lee L, Feinstein A. Attitudes to cannabis and patterns of use among Canadians with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016;10(June 2016):123–6.spa
dc.relation.references67. Montero Zamora P, Reyes Rodríguez MF, Cardozo Macías F, Brown EC, Pérez Gómez A, Mejía Trujillo J, et al. Uso de sustancias en adolescentes y su asociación con factores de riesgo y protección. Un análisis exploratorio de la encuesta escolar a gran escala de Comunidades Que se Cuidan, Colombia. Adicciones. 2018;xx(131).spa
dc.relation.references68. Cuttler C, Mischley LK, Sexton M. Sex Differences in Cannabis Use and Effects: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Cannabis Users. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016;1(1):166–75.spa
dc.relation.references69. El Marroun H, Brown QL, Lund IO, Coleman-Cowger VH, Loree AM, Chawla D, et al. An epidemiological, developmental and clinical overview of cannabis use during pregnancy. Prev Med (Baltim). 2018;116(January 2018):1–5.spa
dc.relation.references70. Resko S, Ellis J, Early TJ, Szechy KA, Rodriguez B, Agius E. Understanding Public Attitudes Toward Cannabis Legalization: Qualitative Findings From a Statewide Survey. Subst Use Misuse. 2019;54(8):1247–59.spa
dc.relation.references71. Leos-Toro C, Shiplo S, Hammond D. Perceived support for medical cannabis use among approved medical cannabis users in Canada. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018;37(5):627–36.spa
dc.relation.references72. Cooper ZD, Haney M. Sex-dependent effects of cannabis-induced analgesia. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;167:112–20.spa
dc.relation.references73. Cuttler C, Spradlin A, McLaughlin RJ. A naturalistic examination of the perceived effects of cannabis on negative affect. J Affect Disord. 2018;235(April 2018):198–205.spa
dc.relation.references74. Chang JC, Tarr JA, Holland CL, De Genna NM, Richardson GA, Rodriguez KL, et al. Beliefs and attitudes regarding prenatal marijuana use: Perspectives of pregnant women who report use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;196(November 2018):14–20.spa
dc.relation.references75. Arora K, Qualls SH, Bobitt J, Lum HD, Milavetz G, Croker J, et al. Measuring Attitudes Toward Medical and Recreational Cannabis Among Older Adults in Colorado. Gerontologist. 2019;XX(Xx):1–10.spa
dc.relation.references76. Cortellini A, Porzio G, Cofini V, Necozione S, Giusti R, Marchetti P, et al. What cancer patients actually know regarding medical cannabis? A cross-sectional survey with a critical analysis of the current attitudes. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019;25(6):1439–44.spa
dc.relation.references77. Lankenau SE, Ataiants J, Mohanty S, Schrager S, Iverson E, Wong CF. Health conditions and motivations for marijuana use among young adult medical marijuana patients and non-patient marijuana users. Drug Alcohol Rev. febrero de 2018;37(2):237–46.spa
dc.relation.references78. Moffat BM, Jenkins EK, Johnson JL. Weeding out the information: An ethnographic approach to exploring how young people make sense of the evidence on cannabis. Harm Reduct J. 2013;10(1):1–9.spa
dc.relation.references79. Saadeh CE, Rustem DR. Medical Marijuana Use in a Community Cancer Center. J Oncol Pract. 2018;14(9):e566–78.spa
dc.relation.references80. Gonzalo Galván, Álvaro Sánchez-Carballo, Ilena Gómez-Morales, Oscar Humánez-Julio, Manuel Guerrero-Martelo FVD la H. Sistema de creencias en relación al cannabis, su uso y consecuencias: consumidores versus no consumidores de una población de universitarios colombianos. VERTEX Rev Argentina Psiquiatr. 2016;27(130):434–42.spa
dc.relation.references81. Halladay J, Scherer J, MacKillop J, Woock R, Petker T, Linton V, et al. Brief interventions for cannabis use in emerging adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and evidence map. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;204(September 2019):107565.spa
dc.relation.references82. Lopez-Quintero C, Neumark Y. Prevalence and determinants of resistance to use drugs among adolescents who had an opportunity to use drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;149:55–62.spa
dc.relation.references83. Pereira-Morales AJ, Adan A, Camargo A, Forero DA. Substance use and suicide risk in a sample of young Colombian adults: An exploration of psychosocial factors. Am J Addict. 2017;26(4):388–94.spa
dc.relation.references84. Lopez-Quintero C, Neumark Y. Effects of risk perception of marijuana use on marijuana use and intentions to use among adolescents in Bogotá, Colombia. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010;109(1–3):65–72.spa
dc.relation.references85. Galván G, Guerrero-Martelo M, Vásquez De la Hoz F. Cannabis: una ilusión cognitiva. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2017;46(2):95–102.spa
dc.relation.references86. Alvarez LS, Salmon JW, Swartzman D. The Colombian health insurance system and its effect on access to health care. Int J Health Serv. 2011;41(2):355–70.spa
dc.relation.references87. Observatorio Europeo de las Drogas y las Toxicomanías. Uso medico del Cannabis y los cannabinoides. Preguntas y respuestas para la elaboración de políticas. 2018.spa
dc.relation.references88. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Developments in the European cannabis market. EMCDDA Pap Publ Off Eur Union, Luxemb. 2019;1–19.spa
dc.relation.references89. Pelaez LD. Cannabis medicinal: Colombia se vuelve potencia. Dinero. 2019;spa
dc.relation.references90. National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. Washington (DC); 2017.spa
dc.relation.references91. Redacción Política. Abecé de la Ley de Cannabis medicinal. El Espectador. 2016;spa
dc.relation.references92. Pardal M. “The difference is in the tomato at the end”: Understanding the motivations and practices of cannabis growers operating within Belgian Cannabis Social Clubs. Int J Drug Policy. 2018;56(January 2018):21–9.spa
dc.relation.references93. Starrels JL, Young SR, Azari SS, Becker WC, Jennifer Edelman E, Liebschutz JM, et al. Disagreement and Uncertainty Among Experts About how to Respond to Marijuana Use in Patients on Long-term Opioids for Chronic Pain: Results of a Delphi Study. Pain Med. 2020;21(2):247–54.spa
dc.relation.references94. Boyd CJ, Veliz PT, McCabe SE. Adolescents’ Use of Medical Marijuana: A Secondary Analysis of Monitoring the Future Data. J Adolesc Heal. 2015;57(2):241–4.spa
dc.relation.references95. Wilsey B, Deutsch R, Marcotte TD. Maintenance of Blinding in Clinical Trials and the Implications for Studying Analgesia Using Cannabinoids. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016;1(1):139–48.spa
dc.relation.references96. Whiddett R, Hunter I, Engelbrecht J, Handy J. Patients’ attitudes towards sharing their health information. Int J Med Inform. 2006;75(7):530–41.spa
dc.relation.references97. White CM. A Review of Human Studies Assessing Cannabidiol’s (CBD) Therapeutic Actions and Potential. J Clin Pharmacol. julio de 2019;59(7):923–34.spa
dc.relation.references98. Tripp DA, Curtis Nickel J, Katz L, Krsmanovic A, Ware MA, Santor D. A survey of cannabis (marijuana) use and self-reported benefit in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. J Can Urol Assoc. 2014;8(11-12 DECEMBER):E901–5.spa
dc.relation.references99. Fitzcharles M-A, Niaki OZ, Hauser W, Hazlewood G. Position Statement: A Pragmatic Approach for Medical Cannabis and Patients with Rheumatic Diseases. J Rheumatol. mayo de 2019;46(5):532–8.spa
dc.relation.references100. Ramos Atance J, Fernández Ruiz J. Sistema cannabinoide endógeno: ligandos y receptores acoplados a mecanismos de transducción de señales. Adicciones. 2000;12(5):59–81.spa
dc.relation.references101. Engels FK, de Jong FA, Mathijssen RHJ, Erkens JA, Herings RM, Verweij J. Medicinal cannabis in oncology. Eur J Cancer. 2007;43(18):2638–44.spa
dc.relation.references102. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Regulation of Marijuana: Past Actions, Future Plans. 2016.spa
dc.relation.references103. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD). 2020.spa
dc.relation.references104. Zarrabi AJ, Welsh JW, Sniecinski R, Curseen K, Gillespie T, Baer W, et al. Perception of Benefits and Harms of Medical Cannabis among Seriously Ill Patients in an Outpatient Palliative Care Practice. J Palliat Med. 2020;23(4):558–62.spa
dc.relation.references105. Meier MH, Caspi A, Ambler A, Harrington H, Houts R, Keefe RSE, et al. Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. octubre de 2012;109(40):E2657-64.spa
dc.relation.references106. Hall W, Degenhardt L. High potency cannabis: a risk factor for dependence, poor psychosocial outcomes, and psychosis. Vol. 350, BMJ (Clinical research ed.). England; 2015. p. h1205.spa
dc.relation.references107. Daniulaityte R, Zatreh MY, Lamy FR, Nahhas RW, Martins SS, Sheth A, et al. A Twitter-based survey on marijuana concentrate use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;187:155–9.spa
dc.relation.references108. Lahat A, Lang A, Shomron BH. Impact of cannabis treatment on the quality of life, weight and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients: A pilot prospective study. Digestion. 2012;85(1):1–8.spa
dc.relation.references109. Hser YI, Mooney LJ, Huang D, Zhu Y, Tomko RL, McClure E, et al. Reductions in cannabis use are associated with improvements in anxiety, depression, and sleep quality, but not quality of life. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2017;81(2017):53–8.spa
dc.relation.references110. Mannes ZL, Burrell LE, Ferguson EG, Zhou Z, Lu H, Somboonwit C, et al. The association of therapeutic versus recreational marijuana use and antiretroviral adherence among adults living with HIV in Florida. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;12:1363–72.spa
dc.relation.references111. Wilsey B, Atkinson JH, Marcotte TD, Grant I. The Medicinal Cannabis Treatment Agreement: Providing Information to Chronic Pain Patients Through a Written Document. Clin J Pain. diciembre de 2015;31(12):1087–96.spa
dc.relation.references112. Metrik J, Bassett SS, Aston ER, Jackson KM, Borsari B. Medicinal versus Recreational Cannabis Use among Returning Veterans. Transl issues Psychol Sci. marzo de 2018;4(1):6–20.spa
dc.relation.references113. Christiansen SG, Bretteville-Jensen AL. Who seeks treatment for cannabis use? Registered characteristics and physical, psychological and psychosocial problem indicators among cannabis patients and matched controls. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1–11.spa
dc.relation.references114. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (U.S.). Brief counseling for marijuana dependence: A manual for treating adults. Vol. 1, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment; 2005. 203 p.spa
dc.relation.references115. Moore THM, Zammit S, Lingford-Hughes A, Barnes TRE, Jones PB, Burke M, et al. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet (London, England). julio de 2007;370(9584):319–28.spa
dc.relation.references116. Gilman JM, Kuster JK, Lee S, Lee MJ, Kim BW, Makris N, et al. Cannabis use is quantitatively associated with nucleus accumbens and amygdala abnormalities in young adult recreational users. J Neurosci. abril de 2014;34(16):5529–38.spa
dc.relation.references117. Large M, Sharma S, Compton MT, Slade T, Nielssen O. Cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis: a systematic meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. junio de 2011;68(6):555–61.spa
dc.relation.references118. Stephens RS, Roffman RA, Simpson EE. Treating adult marijuana dependence: a test of the relapse prevention model. J Consult Clin Psychol. febrero de 1994;62(1):92–9.spa
dc.relation.references119. Kerridge BT, Mauro PM, Chou SP, Saha TD, Pickering RP, Fan AZ, et al. Predictors of treatment utilization and barriers to treatment utilization among individuals with lifetime cannabis use disorder in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. diciembre de 2017;181:223–8.spa
dc.relation.references120. Lau N, Sales P, Averill S, Murphy F, Sato S, Murphy S. Responsible and controlled use: Older cannabis users and harm reduction. Int J Drug Policy. 2015;26(8):709–18.spa
dc.relation.references121. Zvolensky MJ, Paulus DJ, Garey L, Manning K, Hogan JBD, Buckner JD, et al. Perceived barriers for cannabis cessation: Relations to cannabis use problems, withdrawal symptoms, and self-efficacy for quitting. Addict Behav. 2018;76(June 2017):45–51.spa
dc.relation.references122. Dillon FR, de la Rosa M, Rojas P, Schwartz SJ, Duan R. Attributions about addiction among Latina women. J Soc Work Pract Addict. 2011;11(3):209–29.spa
dc.relation.references123. Posada-Villa JA, Herazo E, Campo-Arias A. Puerta de entrada al consumo de sustancias ilegales en Colombia: Infracciones a la norma de inicio. Rev Salud Publica. 2009;11(3):406–13.spa
dc.relation.references124. Bertholet N, Faouzi M, Studer J, Daeppen JB, Gmel G. Perception of tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol use of others is associated with one’s own use. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2013;8(1):1.spa
dc.relation.references125. Balneaves LG, Alraja A, Ziemianski D, McCuaig F, Ware M. A National Needs Assessment of Canadian Nurse Practitioners Regarding Cannabis for Therapeutic Purposes. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2018;3(1):66–73.spa
dc.relation.references126. Hwang J, Arneson T. Minnesota pharmacists and medical cannabis: A survey of knowledge, concerns, and interest prior to program launch. P T. 2016;41(11):716–22.spa
dc.relation.references127. Cruz JM, Boidi MF, Queirolo R. The status of support for cannabis regulation in Uruguay 4 years after reform: Evidence from public opinion surveys. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018;37(August 2016):S429–34.spa
dc.relation.references128. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Decreto número 613 de 2017. Colombia; 2017.spa
dc.relation.references129. Bernal O, Barbosa S. [Challenges of the right to health in the Colombian model]. Salud Publica Mex. 2015;57(5):433–40.spa
dc.relation.references130. Schwarz CJ. Toward a medical understanding of marihuana. Can Psychiatr Assoc J. diciembre de 1969;14(6):591–600.spa
dc.relation.references131. Satterlund TD, Lee JP, Moore RS. Stigma among California’s Medical Marijuana Patients. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2015;47(1):10–7.spa
dc.relation.references132. Lewis N, Sznitman SR. Engagement with medical cannabis information from online and mass media sources: Is it related to medical cannabis attitudes and support for legalization? Int J Drug Policy. 2019;73:219–27.spa
dc.relation.references133. Wisk LE, Levy S, Weitzman ER. Parental views on state cannabis laws and marijuana use for their medically vulnerable children. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;199(September 2018):59–67.spa
dc.relation.references134. Siegel J “ask me about my twins” T, Donaldson C “I just received a. pos. doc” D, Crano W “the godfather” D. Application of vested interest theory to prevention of non-medical prescription stimulant and marijuana use: Unforeseen benefits of attitude-behavior inconsistency. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;194(April 2018):210–5.spa
dc.relation.references135. Arrivillaga M, Aristizabal JC, Pérez M, Estrada VE. [Health services access survey for Colombian households]. Gac Sanit. 2016;30(6):415–20.spa
dc.relation.references136. Hernández JMR, Rubiano DPR, Barona JCC. [Barriers to administrative access to health services in the Colombian population, 2013]. Cien Saude Colet. junio de 2015;20(6):1947–58.spa
dc.relation.references137. Restrepo-Zea JH, Silva-Maya C, Andrade-Rivas F, VH-Dover R. Acceso a servicios de salud: análisis de barreras y estrategias en el caso de Medellín, Colombia. Gerenc y Políticas Salud. el 19 de diciembre de 2014;13(27):242–65.spa
dc.relation.references138. Holland CL, Nkumsah MA, Morrison P, Tarr JA, Rubio D, Rodriguez KL, et al. “Anything above marijuana takes priority”: Obstetric providers’ attitudes and counseling strategies regarding perinatal marijuana use. Patient Educ Couns. 2016;99(9):1446–51.spa
dc.relation.references39. Zylla D, Steele G, Eklund J, Mettner J, Arneson T. Oncology Clinicians and the Minnesota Medical Cannabis Program: A Survey on Medical Cannabis Practice Patterns, Barriers to Enrollment, and Educational Needs. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2018;3(1):195–202.spa
dc.relation.references140. Masataka Y, Ikeda T, Ando Y. [Survey of neurologists regarding their attitudes toward medicinal cannabis and the effects of evidence-based cannabis education]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. julio de 2019;59(7):405–11.spa
dc.relation.references141. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Cannabis-based medicinal products. London; 2019.spa
dc.relation.references142. Young-Wolff KC, Sarovar V, Tucker L-Y, Conway A, Alexeeff S, Weisner C, et al. Self-reported Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Cannabis Use Among Women Before and During Pregnancy. JAMA Netw open. julio de 2019;2(7):e196471.spa
dc.relation.references143. Harpin SB, Brooks-Russell A, Ma M, James KA, Levinson AH. Adolescent Marijuana Use and Perceived Ease of Access Before and After Recreational Marijuana Implementation in Colorado. Subst Use Misuse. 2018;53(3):451–6.spa
dc.relation.references144. Abazia DT, Bridgeman MB. Reefer madness or real medicine? A plea for incorporating medicinal cannabis in pharmacy curricula. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. septiembre de 2018;10(9):1165–7.spa
dc.relation.references145. Van Amsterdam J, Vervloet J, De Weert G, Buwalda VJA, Goudriaan AE, Van Den Brink W. Acceptance of pharmaceutical cannabis substitution by cannabis using patients with schizophrenia. Harm Reduct J. 2018;15(1):13–6.spa
dc.relation.references146. Ananth P, Ma C, Al-Sayegh H, Kroon L, Klein V, Wharton C, et al. Provider perspectives on use of medical marijuana in children with cancer. Pediatrics. 2018;141(1):1–10.spa
dc.relation.references147. Carbonell MM, Díaz RP, Marín AR. Diagnostic usefulness of anxiety and depression scale goldberg (EAD-G) in Cuban adults. Univ Psychol. 2016;15(1):177–92.spa
dc.relation.references148. Reivan-Ortiz GG, Pineda-Garcia G, León Parias BD, Reivan-Ortiz G, Pineda-Garcia G, León Parias BD. Psychometric Properties of The Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS) In Ecuadorian Population. Int J Psychol Res. el 20 de mayo de 2019;12(1):41–8.spa
dc.relation.references149. Amin MR, Ali DW. Pharmacology of Medical Cannabis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1162:151–65.spa
dc.relation.references150. Harris D, Jones RT, Ms RS, Nath R, Fernandez E, Ba KG, et al. Self-Reported Marijuana Effects and Characteristics of 100 San Francisco Medical Marijuana Club Members Self-Reported Marijuana Effects and Characteristics of 100 San Francisco Medical Marijuana Club Members. 2008;0887(October 2015):37–41.spa
dc.relation.references151. Reinarman C, Nunberg H, Lanthier F, Heddleston T. Who are medical marijuana patients? population characteristics from nine California assessment clinics. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2011;43(2):128–35.spa
dc.relation.references152. Bonn-Miller MO, Boden MT, Bucossi MM, Babson KA. Self-reported cannabis use characteristics, patterns and helpfulness among medical cannabis users. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2014;40(1):23–30.spa
dc.relation.references153. Tanco K, Dumlao D, Kreis R, Nguyen K, Dibaj S, Liu D, et al. Attitudes and Beliefs about Medical Usefulness and Legalization of Marijuana among Cancer Patients in a Legalized and a Nonlegalized State. J Palliat Med. 2019;22(10):1213–20.spa
dc.contributor.cvlachttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000320609*
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1791-8099*
dc.subject.lembAnestesiologíaspa
dc.subject.lembCiencias médicasspa
dc.subject.lembMedicinaspa
dc.subject.lembCannabisspa
dc.subject.lembBotánica médicaspa
dc.subject.lembMedicamentosspa
dc.subject.lembSalud públicaspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.cospa
dc.description.abstractenglishIntroduction: chronic pain is a serious public health problem. Available therapeutic tools have been questioned for their undesirable side effects. The use of medicinal cannabis has been proposed as part of a multimodal strategy for the management of chronic pain, considering it a safer and more effective alternative. In the last two decades, medical cannabis has gained great media, socio-economic and scientific relevance in Colombia. Controversially, cannabis-based medicinal products are used across all latitudes, while the scientific community around the world is interested in collecting evidence of the clinical effect. Few studies have focused on patients' perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs. None of them had been done in Colombia. Approach to the problem: after several decades of legal prohibition of the cultivation, transport, possession, use or consumption of marijuana, a differential approach has been developing in Colombia between drug trafficking, micro-trafficking, recreational use and medicinal use. The medicinal use of cannabis has been decriminalized and the Government have begun the process of regulating the production, transformation and marketing. The medicinal use of cannabis in Colombia is relevant, both scientifically and socially; just like in the rest of the world. Marijuana here is the most commonly used illicit drug. Ideas loosely related to the perceptions and attitudes of the Colombian population towards marijuana prevail in this country. Public perception of the efficacy of cannabinoids in pain does not seem to be consistent with the available scientific evidence, since the perception of effectiveness is very subjective. Likewise, it is necessary that health professionals understand, control and adapt current pharmacology and medicine processes to the key aspects of cannabis in pain management, in order to reduce the risk derived from its use. Objectives: to describe the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about the use of medicinal cannabis in patients with chronic pain from a third-level health institution in the Colombian Northeast. Methodology: the present study was developed using field research techniques, based on a self-administered questionnaire that preserved anonymity. Sampling was done by convenience, both in patients and their relatives or caregivers. The relationships between knowledge, attitudes and perceptions and the demographic characteristics of cannabis use, previous experiences, state of health and quality of life, intensity of pain, presence of comorbidities and use of other psychoactive substances were evaluated. Results: it was possible to obtain useful information to understand the psychosocial construct of patients in relation to medicinal cannabis. A neutral posture prevailed among them, while that of the proxies was more varied, with a positive trend in the majority of the aspects. The prevalence of medicinal consumption was low in both groups. The chronic pain patients surveyed showed a different set of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions in comparison with those reported by international studies. Discussion: Despite the complicated Colombian context regarding psychoactive substances use and the impact of drug trafficking, patients are not reluctant to use medicinal cannabis for the management of chronic pain; nor for the management of other symptoms. Their neutral position allows, by appropriately directing public policies on health and education, to modify these perceptions according to scientific evidence. The important role of family members is also highlighted, not only in decision-making process, but also as positive amplifiers of the therapeutic usefulness of medicinal cannabis. This study opens the doors to what should be a wide and dynamic field of research that integrates scientific knowledge with the context of the patient using an integrative biopsychosocial approach.eng
dc.subject.proposalCiencias de la saludspa
dc.subject.proposalHerramientas terapéuticasspa
dc.subject.proposalEfecto clínicospa
dc.subject.proposalEfectos secundariosspa
dc.subject.proposalConsumo medicinalspa
dc.subject.proposalCannabisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia*
dc.coverage.campusUNAB Campus Bucaramangaspa
dc.description.learningmodalityModalidad Presencialspa


Ficheros en el ítem

Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

Este ítem aparece en la(s) siguiente(s) colección(ones)

Mostrar el registro sencillo del ítem

Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia