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Desarrollo de un apósito tipo hidrogel de plasma pobre en plaquetas y colágeno extraído de piel de tilapia con potencial uso para el tratamiento de úlceras crónicas de pie diabético

dc.contributor.advisorSolarte David, Víctor Alfonso
dc.contributor.advisorBecerra Bayona, Silvia Milena
dc.contributor.authorRojas Cárdenas, Luis David
dc.coverage.spatialBucaramanga (Santander, Colombia)spa
dc.coverage.temporal2022spa
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-20T14:22:21Z
dc.date.available2023-02-20T14:22:21Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/19050
dc.description.abstractLa diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad que en la actualidad se considera un problema de salud pública y se estima que afecte a más de 700 millones de personas adultas en los años venideros. Una de sus principales complicaciones son las úlceras crónicas de pie diabético (UCPD), lesiones cutáneas que en la actualidad no tienen tratamientos 100% efectivos y que afectan de manera significativa la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen, lo que ha incrementado la necesidad de encontrar tratamientos que mejoren el proceso de cicatrización de este tipo de heridas. Por lo anterior, en el presente proyecto se ha sido utilizado piel de tilapia roja, un desecho de la industria acuícola, para extraer colágeno y con este elaborar hidrogeles, los cuales se reticularon con plasma pobre en plaquetas (PPP), una fracción de la sangre que no ha sido frecuentemente utilizada para la investigación. El proceso de extracción de colágeno ácido soluble permitió obtener un rendimiento en base seca cercano al 40%, y a partir de este, fabricar los hidrogeles y reticularlos con el PPP, obteniendo una dinámica adecuada en cuanto a la liberación de proteínas. Estos hidrogeles se sometieron a diferentes ensayos con el fin de determinar sus propiedades mecánicas y físicas, encontrando módulos de compresión similares a los de las capas internas de la piel, así como una capacidad de hinchamiento óptima, lo que les permitiría entregar la humedad necesaria a la herida durante el proceso de cicatrización. Finalmente, a partir de pruebas in vitro, se determinó que el lixiviado producido por los hidrogeles mantiene la viabilidad celular en un periodo de 48 horas, al permitir la proliferación de fibroblastos de la línea celular HT1080. Estos resultados indican que los hidrogeles fabricados en el presente estudio podrían ser una alternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de las UCPD.spa
dc.description.tableofcontentsCapítulo 1. Problemática identificada........................................................................................... 10 Planteamiento del problema ...................................................................................................... 10 Justificación............................................................................................................................... 11 Pregunta problema..................................................................................................................... 13 Objetivo general ........................................................................................................................ 13 Objetivos específicos................................................................................................................. 13 Capítulo 2. Marco teórico ............................................................................................................. 15 La piel........................................................................................................................................ 15 Propiedades mecánicas......................................................................................................... 16 Biomateriales............................................................................................................................. 17 El colágeno................................................................................................................................ 18 Estructura del colágeno......................................................................................................... 19 Propiedades y aplicaciones del colágeno ............................................................................. 20 Fuentes y proceso de extracción del colágeno...................................................................... 22 Plasma pobre en plaquetas (PPP).............................................................................................. 25 Hidrogeles ................................................................................................................................. 25 Úlceras crónicas de pie diabético (UCPD)................................................................................ 26 Tratamientos actuales para las UCPD ................................................................................. 28 Capítulo 3. Estado del arte ............................................................................................................ 29 Capítulo 4. Metodología ............................................................................................................... 33 Extracción de colágeno a partir de piel de tilapia roja .............................................................. 33 Preparación de la piel de tilapia roja ................................................................................... 34 Blanqueamiento de la piel ..................................................................................................... 34 Desengrasado de la piel ........................................................................................................ 34 Hidrólisis básica de la piel.................................................................................................... 35 Extracción ácida de la piel.................................................................................................... 35 Salting-out del precipitado .................................................................................................... 35 Diálisis del colágeno ............................................................................................................. 36 Liofilización del colágeno ..................................................................................................... 36 Rendimiento de extracción de colágeno ácido soluble (ASC)............................................... 36 Elaboración de hidrogeles......................................................................................................... 37 Hidrogeles de colágeno (HC)................................................................................................. 37 Hidrogeles de PPP y colágeno (HC+PPP)............................................................................... 38 Hidrogeles de PPP (HPPP)..................................................................................................... 38 Concentración de proteínas en los hidrogeles...................................................................... 39 Pruebas mecánicas..................................................................................................................... 40 Prueba mecánica de compresión (PMC)............................................................................... 40 Prueba mecánica de tensión (PMT)...................................................................................... 41 Prueba de hinchamiento........................................................................................................ 41 Prueba de degradación de los hidrogeles............................................................................. 42 Ensayo de citotoxicidad ............................................................................................................ 42 Prueba de proliferación celular con lixiviados de hidrogeles.............................................. 42 Análisis estadísticos.................................................................................................................. 45 Capítulo 5. Resultados y análisis.................................................................................................. 46 Extracción de colágeno a partir de piel de tilapia roja .............................................................. 46 Elaboración de hidrogeles de colágeno puro, PPP puro y colágeno + PPP .............................. 50 Concentración de proteínas inmovilizadas y liberadas por los hidrogeles................................ 52 Caracterización mecánica de los hidrogeles.............................................................................. 56 Evaluación del módulo de compresión.................................................................................. 56 Evaluación del módulo de Young .......................................................................................... 62 Evaluación de la capacidad de hinchamiento de los hidrogeles........................................... 63 Degradación de los hidrogeles.............................................................................................. 66 Ensayo de proliferación celular utilizando lixiviados de los hidrogeles................................... 69 Análisis de resultados................................................................................................................ 72 Capítulo 6. Conclusiones y recomendaciones .............................................................................. 82 Referencias.................................................................................................................................... 84 Anexos .......................................................................................................................................... 96spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/*
dc.titleDesarrollo de un apósito tipo hidrogel de plasma pobre en plaquetas y colágeno extraído de piel de tilapia con potencial uso para el tratamiento de úlceras crónicas de pie diabéticospa
dc.title.translatedDevelopment of a platelet-poor plasma hydrogel-type dressing and collagen extracted from tilapia skin with potential use for the treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcersspa
dc.degree.nameIngeniero Biomédicospa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABspa
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad Ingenieríaspa
dc.publisher.programPregrado Ingeniería Biomédicaspa
dc.description.degreelevelPregradospa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.localTrabajo de Gradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.subject.keywordsBiomedical engineeringspa
dc.subject.keywordsEngineeringspa
dc.subject.keywordsMedical electronicsspa
dc.subject.keywordsBiological physicsspa
dc.subject.keywordsBioengineeringspa
dc.subject.keywordsMedical instruments and apparatusspa
dc.subject.keywordsMedicinespa
dc.subject.keywordsBiomedicalspa
dc.subject.keywordsClinical engineeringspa
dc.subject.keywordsCollagenspa
dc.subject.keywordsCytotoxicityspa
dc.subject.keywordsFibroblastsspa
dc.subject.keywordsHydrogelsspa
dc.subject.keywordsPlatelet poor plasmaspa
dc.subject.keywordsMellitus diabetesspa
dc.subject.keywordsFoot diseasesspa
dc.subject.keywordsFeet (Ulcers)spa
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABspa
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
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dc.contributor.cvlacSolarte David, Víctor Alfonso [0001329391]spa
dc.contributor.cvlacBecerra Bayona, Silvia Milena [0001568861]spa
dc.contributor.googlescholarBecerra Bayona, Silvia Milena [5wr21EQAAAAJ]spa
dc.contributor.orcidSolarte David, Víctor Alfonso [0000-0002-9856-1484]spa
dc.contributor.orcidBecerra Bayona, Silvia Milena [0000-0002-4499-5885]spa
dc.contributor.scopusBecerra Bayona, Silvia Milena [36522328100]spa
dc.contributor.researchgateSolarte David, Víctor Alfonso [Victor-Solarte-David]spa
dc.contributor.researchgateBecerra Bayona, Silvia Milena [Silvia-Becerra-Bayona]spa
dc.subject.lembIngeniería biomédicaspa
dc.subject.lembIngenieríaspa
dc.subject.lembBiofísicaspa
dc.subject.lembBioingenieríaspa
dc.subject.lembMedicinaspa
dc.subject.lembBiomédicaspa
dc.subject.lembDiabetes mellitusspa
dc.subject.lembEnfermedades de lo piesspa
dc.subject.lembPies (Ulceras)spa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.cospa
dc.description.abstractenglishDiabetes mellitus is a disease that is currently considered a public health problem and is estimated to affect more than 700 million adults in the coming years. One of its main complications are chronic diabetic foot ulcers, skin lesions that currently do not have 100% effective treatments and that significantly affect the quality of life of those who suffer it, which has increased the need to find treatments that improve the healing process of this type of wounds. Therefore, in the present project red tilapia skin, a waste from the aquaculture industry, has been used to extract collagen and with this to elaborate hydrogels, which were cross-linked with platelet-poor plasma (PPP), a fraction of the blood that has not been frequently used for research. The soluble acid collagen extraction process allowed to obtain a dry base yield close to 40%, and from this, to manufacture the hydrogels and cross-link them with the PPP, obtaining an adequate dynamic in terms of protein release. These hydrogels were subjected to different tests to determine their mechanical and physical properties, finding compression modules like those of the inner layers of the skin, as well as an optimal swelling capacity, which would allow them to deliver the necessary moisture to the wound during the healing process. Finally, from in vitro tests, it was determined that the leachate produced by the hydrogels maintains cell viability in a period of 48 hours, by allowing the proliferation of fibroblasts from the HT1080 cell line. These results indicate that the hydrogels manufactured in the present study could be a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers.spa
dc.subject.proposalIngeniería clínicaspa
dc.subject.proposalElectrónica médicaspa
dc.subject.proposalInstrumentos y aparatos médicosspa
dc.subject.proposalColágenospa
dc.subject.proposalCitotoxicidadspa
dc.subject.proposalFibroblastosspa
dc.subject.proposalHidrogelesspa
dc.subject.proposalPlasma pobre en plaquetasspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia*
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.relation.uriapolohttps://apolo.unab.edu.co/en/persons/v%C3%ADctor-alfonso-solarte-davidspa
dc.contributor.apolounabSolarte David, Víctor Alfonso [víctor-alfonso-solarte-david]spa
dc.contributor.apolounabBecerra Bayona, Silvia Milena [silvia-milena-becerra-bayona]spa
dc.coverage.campusUNAB Campus Bucaramangaspa
dc.description.learningmodalityModalidad Presencialspa
dc.contributor.linkedinBecerra Bayona, Silvia Milena [silvia-becerra-3174455a]


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