dc.contributor.advisor | Roa Prada, Sebastián | spa |
dc.contributor.author | Rangel Vera, Jorge Eliecer | spa |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-06-26T19:45:24Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-06-26T19:45:24Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2017 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/1601 | |
dc.description.abstract | Las vértebras y los discos intervertebrales permiten la flexibilidad de la columna y actúan como amortiguadores durante las actividades diarias, dada la elevada incidencia de lesiones en la espalda, nace la idea de crear una herramienta de soporte para la medicina y la fisioterapia, la cual sirva como modelo guía para diagnosticar lesiones lumbares. Por medio de análisis por elementos finitos de acuerdo a cargas específicas y a una postura determinada, se puede analizar el comportamiento que tienen las vértebras lumbares y así prever una lesión. | spa |
dc.description.tableofcontents | DEDICATORIA ..................................................................................................... 3
AGRADECIMIENTOS .......................................................................................... 4
CONTENIDO ........................................................................................................ 5
TABLA DE ILUSTRACIONES .............................................................................. 8
LISTADO DE TABLAS ....................................................................................... 11
1. OBJETIVOS................................................................................................. 12
1.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL ........................................................................................................12
1.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS .................................................................................................12
2. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA .......................................................... 13
3. ANTECEDENTES ........................................................................................ 14
4. ESTADO DEL ARTE .................................................................................... 15
4.1. VÉRTEBRAS. ....................................................................................................................15
4.2. DISCOS INTERVERTEBRALES. ..........................................................................................18
4.3. MÚSCULOS LUMBARES ..................................................................................................19
4.4. MODELADO DE HUESO UTILIZANDO ELEMENTOS FINITOS ............................................22
4.5. CARGAS ..........................................................................................................................23
4.6. PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LOS MATERIALES. ..................................................................26
5. MARCO TEÓRICO ...................................................................................... 28
5.1. PESO CORPORAL .............................................................................................................28
5.2. COLUMNA VERTEBRAL. ..................................................................................................28
5.3. PROPIEDADES BIOMECÁNICAS DE LAS ESTRUCTURAS VERTEBRALES ............................29
5.4. DISCO INTERVERTEBRAL .................................................................................................30
5.5. VÉRTEBRA .......................................................................................................................31
5.6. CUERPO VERTEBRAL .......................................................................................................32
5.7. APÓFISIS ARTICULARES...................................................................................................32
5.8. ISTMO Y PEDÍCULOS .......................................................................................................32
5.9. MÚSCULOS LUMBARES ..................................................................................................33
5.9.1. MÚSCULO DORSAL ANCHO ....................................................................................33
5.9.2. MÚSCULO CUADRADO LUMBAR ............................................................................34
5.9.3. MÚSCULO MULTÍFIDO ............................................................................................34
5.10. BIOMECÁNICA DE LA COLUMNA VERTEBRAL .................................................................35
5.10.1. ESFUERZO TENSIONAL ............................................................................................37
5.10.2. MECÁNICA DE LA COLUMNA VERTEBRAL. ..............................................................43
5.10.3. MODELAMIENTO DE TEJIDO BIOLÓGICO........................................................................45
5.10.4. CARACTERIZACIÓN MECANICÁNICA DEL HUESO ....................................................49
5.11. LESIONES LUMBARES .....................................................................................................58
5.11.1. DEGENERACIÓN DEL DISCO INTERVERTEBRAL .......................................................59
5.11.2. ENVEJECIMIENTO DE LOS DISCOS INTERVERTEBRALES ..........................................60
5.11.3. ESCOLIOSIS .............................................................................................................61
5.11.4. ESPONDILOLISTESIS ................................................................................................61
5.11.5. ESPONDILÓLISIS ......................................................................................................62
5.11.6. ESTENOSIS ESPINAL ................................................................................................63
5.11.7. ESPINA BÍFIDA ........................................................................................................63
5.11.8. SÍNDROME DEL PIRAMIDAL ....................................................................................64
5.11.9. DISCO ROTO ...........................................................................................................64
5.12. TEORÍA DE FALLA ............................................................................................................65
5.12.1. ENERGÍA DE DISTORSIÓN MÁXIMA ........................................................................65
6. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO ......................................................................... 67
6.1. RECOPILACIÓN INFORMACIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA. ............................................................67
6.2. DISEÑO CAD DE LAS VÉRTEBRAS LUMBARES. .................................................................67
6.3. ANÁLISIS POR ELEMENTOS FINITOS. ..............................................................................67
6.4. RECOPILACIÓN Y VALIDACIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS. .....................................................68
6.5. DESARROLLO DE LA INTERFAZ GRÁFICA. ........................................................................68
6.6. DIFUSIÓN DE RESULTADOS.............................................................................................68
7. RESULTADOS ............................................................................................ 69
7.1. DISEÑO CAD ...................................................................................................................69
7.2. ANÁLISIS POR ELEMENTOS FINITOS ...............................................................................70
7.3. INTERFAZ GRÁFICA .........................................................................................................71
7.4. RESUMEN RESULTADOS PRINCIPALES ............................................................................72
8. VALIDACIÓN ............................................................................................... 73
8.1. VALIDACIÓN BAJO FLEXIÓN ............................................................................................74
8.2. VALIDACIÓN BAJO EXTENSIÓN .......................................................................................78
9. CONCLUSIONES ........................................................................................ 79
10. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ............................................................................................ 82
11. ANEXOS ...................................................................................................... 87 | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ | * |
dc.title | Diseño de una interfaz gráfica para el análisis por elementos finitos de la respuesta de dos vértebras lumbares sometidas a carga combinada | spa |
dc.title.translated | Design of a graphical interface for finite element analysis of the response of two lumbar vertebrae under combined load | eng |
dc.degree.name | Ingeniero Mecatrónico | spa |
dc.coverage | Bucaramanga (Colombia) | spa |
dc.publisher.grantor | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB | spa |
dc.rights.local | Abierto (Texto Completo) | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad Ingeniería | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Pregrado Ingeniería Mecatrónica | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Pregrado | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | |
dc.type.local | Trabajo de Grado | spa |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
dc.subject.keywords | Mechatronic Engineering | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Finite element methods | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Investigations | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Analysis | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Modeling and simulation | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Mechatronic design | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Vertebrae | eng |
dc.identifier.instname | instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB | spa |
dc.type.hasversion | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
dc.rights.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | spa |
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dc.contributor.cvlac | Roa Prada, Sebastián [0000295523] | * |
dc.contributor.googlescholar | Roa Prada, Sebastián [xXcp5HcAAAAJ&hl=en] | * |
dc.contributor.orcid | Roa Prada, Sebastián [0000-0002-1079-9798] | * |
dc.contributor.scopus | Roa Prada, Sebastián [24333336800] | * |
dc.contributor.researchgate | Roa Prada, Sebastián [Sebastian-Roa-Prada] | * |
dc.subject.lemb | Ingeniería mecatrónica | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Métodos de elementos finitos | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Investigaciones | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Análisis | spa |
dc.description.abstractenglish | The vertebrae and intervertebral discs allow the flexibility of the spine and act as shock absorbers during daily activities, given the high incidence of back injuries, the idea of creating a support tool for medicine and physiotherapy was born, which would serve as a guide model for diagnosing lumbar injuries. Through finite element analysis according to specific loads and a determined posture, the behavior of the lumbar vertebrae can be analyzed and thus an injury can be predicted. | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Modelado y simulación | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Diseño mecatrónico | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Vértebras | spa |
dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP | |
dc.rights.creativecommons | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia | * |
dc.contributor.researchgroup | Grupo de Investigación Control y Mecatrónica - GICYM | spa |
dc.contributor.researchgroup | Grupo de Investigaciones Clínicas | spa |
dc.coverage.campus | UNAB Campus Bucaramanga | spa |
dc.description.learningmodality | Modalidad Presencial | spa |