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Síntesis y análisis de ciclo de vida de biodiesel producido a partir de microalgas

dc.contributor.advisorChalela Álvarez, Gracielaspa
dc.contributor.advisorQuintero Pérez, Henderson Ivánspa
dc.contributor.authorCastañeda Ramírez, Luis Carlosspa
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-26T19:39:11Z
dc.date.available2020-06-26T19:39:11Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/1465
dc.description.abstractEl constante crecimiento en la demanda de lípidos y ácidos grasos para uso industrial, ha generado la necesidad de encontrar nuevas y mejores fuentes para la obtención de los mismos. Por esto se buscan mecanismos que trabajen de forma eficiente, eliminando los daños ambientales y, a su vez, permitan abastecer satisfactoriamente la demanda de estas materias primas. Se considera que los combustibles provenientes de biomasa de microalga tienen un alto potencial y pueden verse como una de las alternativas promisorias para el reemplazo del petróleo en el mediano plazo dado su desempeño en motores diésel y la disminución de liberación de CO2 [2]. Las algas verdes (conocidas también en la industria como microalgas) objeto del estudio, son un grupo diverso de microorganismos eucariótica y eucarióticos fotosintéticos que cresen rápidamente debido a su estructura simple. Potencialmente pueden ser empleadas para la producción de biocombustibles (biodiesel, biogás, hidrocarburos y bio-hidrógeno) ambientalmente sostenibles y económicamente eficaces. La obtención de ácidos grasos y lípidos, a partir de biomasa de microalga, es un tema que se viene estudiando desde hace mucho tiempo, por ser una alternativa para producir energías más limpias y amigables con el medio ambiente, y reduciendo costos a la hora de su producción. En comparación con otras materias primas, no son fuente de alimento humano, no presentan gran complejidad química en su estructura, lo que hace su modificación y manipulación más sencilla. El cultivo de las microalgas y sus condiciones, permiten que se produzcan a gran escala y en muy cortos periodos de tiempo. Además, por ser fotosintéticas, absorben en gran medida el dióxido de carbono presente en la atmosfera. Por lo anterior Este trabajo de grado centra sus esfuerzos en evaluar las mejores condiciones de cultivo, los mejores medios químicos y físicos para la producción de lípidos y ácidos grasos de microalga, además se evalúan las cargas ambientales en todo el proceso de producción utilizando la metodología de análisis de ciclo de vida.spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1. INTRODUCCIÓN 10 1.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 12 1.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 12 2. MARCO TEÓRICO 13 2.1 MICROALGAS COMO FUENTE DE COMBUSTIBLE 13 2.2 DESCRIPCIÓN Y CARACTERÍSTICAS PRINCIPALES DEL BIODIESEL 15 2.3 ACV – GENERALIDADES (FASES DEL ACV) 17 2.3.1 Metodología del ACV 17 3. METODOLOGÍA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 20 4. SÍNTESIS DE BIODIESEL A PARTIR DE LA MICROALGA CHLORELLA VULGARIS 22 4.1 CEPA DE MICROALGA, CONDICIONES Y MEDIO DE CULTIVO 22 4.2 SELECCIÓN DE FLUJOS DE AIRE 24 4.3 COSECHA DE MICROALGAS 27 4.3.1 Centrifugación 28 4.3.2 Sedimentación por gravedad 29 4.3.3 Floculación 30 4.4 PRETRATAMIENTO DE BIOMASA PARA DISRUPCIÓN CELULAR 32 4.4.1 Microondas 34 4.4.2 Autoclave 34 4.5 EXTRACCIÓN DE LÍPIDOS 35 4.5.1 Extracción de lípidos de microalga en un solo proceso 37 4.6 Método de verificación de lípidos TG color GPO/PAP AA 43 4.7 TRANSESTERIFICACIÓN DE LÍPIDOS 46 5. ANÁLISIS DE CICLO DE VIDA DE BIODIESEL A PARTIR DE LA MICROALGA Chlorella vulgaris 49 5.1 DEFINICIÓN DEL OBJETIVO DEL ACV 49 5.2 DEFINICIÓN DE ALCANCE 49 5.2.1 Sistema del producto bajo estudio 49 5.2.2 Funciones del sistema bajo estudio 50 5.2.3 Unidad funcional 50 5.2.4 Límites del sistema 50 5.2.5 Reglas de asignación 51 5.2.6 Tipos de impacto y metodología de evaluación 52 6. INVENTARIO DE CICLO DE VIDA (ICV) 53 7. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS 54 7.1 Resultados de cultivo y selección de ruta de producción de biodiesel a partir de la microlaga Chlorella vulgaris. 54 7.2 Selección de categorías de impacto 55 7.3 Asignación e interpretación de resultados del inventario a las categorías de impacto 55 8. CONCLUSIONES 1 9. RECOMENDACIONES 3 10. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 4spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/*
dc.titleSíntesis y análisis de ciclo de vida de biodiesel producido a partir de microalgasspa
dc.title.translatedSynthesis and life cycle analysis of biodiesel produced from microalgaeeng
dc.degree.nameIngeniero en Energíaspa
dc.coverageBucaramanga (Colombia)spa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABspa
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad Ingenieríaspa
dc.publisher.programPregrado Ingeniería en Energíaspa
dc.description.degreelevelPregradospa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.localTrabajo de Gradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.subject.keywordsEnergy engineeringeng
dc.subject.keywordsMicroalgaeeng
dc.subject.keywordsBiofuel productioneng
dc.subject.keywordsProduct life cycleeng
dc.subject.keywordsEnvironmental aspectseng
dc.subject.keywordsInvestigationseng
dc.subject.keywordsAnalysiseng
dc.subject.keywordsEnvironmental damageeng
dc.subject.keywordsRaw materialseng
dc.subject.keywordsRegulationseng
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABspa
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
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dc.contributor.cvlacChalela Álvarez, Graciela [0000987611]spa
dc.contributor.cvlacQuintero Pérez, Henderson Iván [0001555674]spa
dc.contributor.orcidChalela Álvarez, Graciela [0000-0002-2053-1859]spa
dc.subject.lembIngeniería en energíaspa
dc.subject.lembMicroalgasspa
dc.subject.lembProducción de biocombustiblesspa
dc.subject.lembCiclo de vida de los productosspa
dc.subject.lembAspectos ambientalesspa
dc.subject.lembInvestigacionesspa
dc.subject.lembAnálisisspa
dc.description.abstractenglishThe constant growth in the demand for lipids and fatty acids for industrial use has generated the need to find new and better sources to obtain them. For this reason, mechanisms are sought that work efficiently, eliminating environmental damage and, in turn, allow satisfying the demand for these raw materials. It is considered that fuels from microalgae biomass have a high potential and can be seen as one of the promising alternatives for the replacement of oil in the medium term given its performance in diesel engines and the decrease in CO2 release [2]. The green algae (also known in the industry as microalgae) under study are a diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms that grow rapidly due to their simple structure. They can potentially be used for the production of environmentally sustainable and economically efficient biofuels (biodiesel, biogas, hydrocarbons and bio-hydrogen). Obtaining fatty acids and lipids, from microalgae biomass, is a topic that has been studied for a long time, as it is an alternative to produce cleaner and more environmentally friendly energies, and reducing costs when it comes to their production. Compared to other raw materials, they are not a source of human food, they do not present great chemical complexity in their structure, which makes their modification and manipulation easier. The cultivation of microalgae and its conditions allow them to be produced on a large scale and in very short periods of time. In addition, because they are photosynthetic, they largely absorb the carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. Therefore, this degree work focuses its efforts on evaluating the best cultivation conditions, the best chemical and physical means for the production of lipids and fatty acids from microalgae, in addition, environmental loads are evaluated throughout the production process using the methodology life cycle analysis.eng
dc.subject.proposalDaños ambientalesspa
dc.subject.proposalMaterias primasspa
dc.subject.proposalNormatividadspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia*
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación Recursos, Energía, Sostenibilidad - GIRESspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigaciones Clínicasspa
dc.coverage.campusUNAB Campus Bucaramangaspa
dc.description.learningmodalityModalidad Presencialspa


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